How to download files from url in python

Python provides different modules like urllib, requests etc to download files from the web. I am going to use the request library of python to efficiently download files from the URLs.

Let’s start a look at step by step procedure to download files using URLs using request library−

1. Import module

import requests

2. Get the link or url

url = 'https://www.facebook.com/favicon.ico'
r = requests.get(url, allow_redirects=True)

3. Save the content with name.

open('facebook.ico', 'wb').write(r.content)

save the file as facebook.ico.

Example

import requests


url = 'https://www.facebook.com/favicon.ico'
r = requests.get(url, allow_redirects=True)

open('facebook.ico', 'wb').write(r.content)

Result

We can see the file is downloaded(icon) in our current working directory.

But we may need to download different kind of files like image, text, video etc from the web. So let’s first get the type of data the url is linking to−

>>> r = requests.get(url, allow_redirects=True)
>>> print(r.headers.get('content-type'))
image/png

However, there is a smarter way, which involved just fetching the headers of a url before actually downloading it. This allows us to skip downloading files which weren’t meant to be downloaded.

>>> print(is_downloadable('https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCglV_dqFGI'))
False
>>> print(is_downloadable('https://www.facebook.com/favicon.ico'))
True

To restrict the download by file size, we can get the filezie from the content-length header and then do as per our requirement.

contentLength = header.get('content-length', None)
if contentLength and contentLength > 2e8: # 200 mb approx
return False

Get filename from an URL

To get the filename, we can parse the url. Below is a sample routine which fetches the last string after backslash(/).

url= "http://www.computersolution.tech/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/tutorialspoint-logo.png"
if url.find('/'):
print(url.rsplit('/', 1)[1]

Above will give the filename of the url. However, there are many cases where filename information is not present in the url for example – http://url.com/download. In such a case, we need to get the Content-Disposition header, which contains the filename information.

import requests
import re

def getFilename_fromCd(cd):
"""
Get filename from content-disposition
"""
if not cd:
return None
fname = re.findall('filename=(.+)', cd)
if len(fname) == 0:
return None
return fname[0]


url = 'http://google.com/favicon.ico'
r = requests.get(url, allow_redirects=True)
filename = getFilename_fromCd(r.headers.get('content-disposition'))
open(filename, 'wb').write(r.content)

The above url-parsing code in conjunction with above program will give you filename from Content-Disposition header most of the time.

Updated on 30-Jul-2019 22:30:26

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I wanted do download all the files from a webpage. I tried wget but it was failing so I decided for the Python route and I found this thread.

After reading it, I have made a little command line application, soupget, expanding on the excellent answers of PabloG and Stan and adding some useful options.

It uses BeatifulSoup to collect all the URLs of the page and then download the ones with the desired extension(s). Finally it can download multiple files in parallel.

Here it is:

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import (division, absolute_import, print_function, unicode_literals)
import sys, os, argparse
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

# --- insert Stan's script here ---
# if sys.version_info >= (3,): 
#...
#...
# def download_file(url, dest=None): 
#...
#...

# --- new stuff ---
def collect_all_url(page_url, extensions):
    """
    Recovers all links in page_url checking for all the desired extensions
    """
    conn = urllib2.urlopen(page_url)
    html = conn.read()
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
    links = soup.find_all('a')

    results = []    
    for tag in links:
        link = tag.get('href', None)
        if link is not None: 
            for e in extensions:
                if e in link:
                    # Fallback for badly defined links
                    # checks for missing scheme or netloc
                    if bool(urlparse.urlparse(link).scheme) and bool(urlparse.urlparse(link).netloc):
                        results.append(link)
                    else:
                        new_url=urlparse.urljoin(page_url,link)                        
                        results.append(new_url)
    return results

if __name__ == "__main__":  # Only run if this file is called directly
    # Command line arguments
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        description='Download all files from a webpage.')
    parser.add_argument(
        '-u', '--url', 
        help='Page url to request')
    parser.add_argument(
        '-e', '--ext', 
        nargs='+',
        help='Extension(s) to find')    
    parser.add_argument(
        '-d', '--dest', 
        default=None,
        help='Destination where to save the files')
    parser.add_argument(
        '-p', '--par', 
        action='store_true', default=False, 
        help="Turns on parallel download")
    args = parser.parse_args()

    # Recover files to download
    all_links = collect_all_url(args.url, args.ext)

    # Download
    if not args.par:
        for l in all_links:
            try:
                filename = download_file(l, args.dest)
                print(l)
            except Exception as e:
                print("Error while downloading: {}".format(e))
    else:
        from multiprocessing.pool import ThreadPool
        results = ThreadPool(10).imap_unordered(
            lambda x: download_file(x, args.dest), all_links)
        for p in results:
            print(p)

An example of its usage is:

python3 soupget.py -p -e <list of extensions> -d <destination_folder> -u <target_webpage>

And an actual example if you want to see it in action:

python3 soupget.py -p -e .xlsx .pdf .csv -u https://healthdata.gov/dataset/chemicals-cosmetics

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