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| Question | Answer |
|---|
| What is the totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior?
| Culture
| | When they live in the same territory, are relatively independent of people outside their area, and participate in a common culture?
| Society
| | Standardizes the goods and services demanded by consumers.
| Culture Industry
| | All societies have developed certain common practices and beliefs.
| Cultural Universals
| | refer to the tendency to assume that ones own culture and ways of life represent the norm or are superior to all others.
| Ethnocentrism
| | Viewing peoples behavior from the perspective of their own culture. It places a priority on understanding other cultures, rather then dismissing them
| cultural relativism
| | systematic study of how biology affects human social behavior
| sociobiology
| | The process of introducing a new idea or object to a culture
| innovation
| | invloves making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality
| discovery
| | results when existing cultural items are combined into a form that did not exist before
| invention
| | refers to the process by which a cultural item spreads from group to group or society to society
| diffusion
| | "cultural information about how to use the material resources of the environment to satisfy human needs and desires"
| technology
| | refers to the physical or technological aspects of our daily lives, including food, houses, factories, and raw materials
| material culture
| | refers to ways of using material objects, as well as to customs, beliefs, philosophies, governments, and patterns of communication
| nonmaterial culture
| | refers to the period of maladjustment when the nonmaterial culture is struggling to adapt to new material conditions
| culture lag
| | a segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern or mores, folkways, and values that differs from the pattern of the larger society.
| subculture
| | when a subculture conspicuously opposes certain aspects of the larger culture
| counterculture
| | anyone who feels disoriented, uncertain, out of place, or fearful when immersed in an unfamiliar culture may be expecting...
| culture shock
| | an abstract system of word meanings and symbols for all aspects of culture
| language
| | named for two linguists, describes the role of language in shaping our interpretation of reality
| Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
| | gestures, objects, and words that form the basis of human communication
| symbols
| | the established standards of behavior maintained by a society
| norms
| | have been written down and specify strict punishments for violators
| formal norms
| | generally understood but not precisely recorded
| informal norms
| | norms deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society, often because they embody the most cherished principles of a people
| mores
| | norms governing everyday behavior
| folkways
| | penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm
| sanctions
| | collective conceptions of what is considered good, desirable, and proper- or bad, undesirable, and improper- in a culture
| values
| | polarization of society over controversial cultural elements
| culture war
| | describes the set of cultural beliefs and practices that helps maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests
| dominant ideology
| | refers to the use of two or more languages in a particular setting, such as schoolroom, workplace, treating each language as equally legitimate
| Bilingualism
|
Formal norms are established, written rules. They are behaviors worked out and agreed upon in order to suit and serve the most people. Laws are formal norms, but so are employee manuals, college entrance exam requirements, and “no running” signs at swimming pools.
What are norms best described as?
Norms are a fundamental concept in the social sciences. They are most commonly defined as rules or expectations that are socially enforced. Norms may be prescriptive (encouraging positive behavior; for example, “be honest”) or proscriptive (discouraging negative behavior; for example, “do not cheat”).
Which of the following are a type of societal norm?
There are four types of social norms that can help inform people about behavior that is considered acceptable: folkways, mores, taboos, and law.
Are mores norms?
Mores (/ˈmɔːreɪz/, sometimes /ˈmɔːriːz/; from Latin mōrēs [ˈmoːreːs], plural form of singular mōs, meaning "manner, custom, usage, or habit") are social norms that are widely observed within a particular society or culture. Mores determine what is considered morally acceptable or unacceptable within any given culture.
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