Bởi Tri C. Tran, Minh-Tam Tran
Giới thiệu về cuốn sách này
Bởi Tri C. Tran, Minh-Tam Tran
Giới thiệu về cuốn sách này
Mỗi ngôn ngữ đều có ngữ điệu riêng mà trong âm nhạc chúng ta tạm gọi là giai điệu. Nếu bạn hát một bài hát với giai điệu khác đi, chắc chắn người khác khó có thể nhận ra bài hát đó. Cũng như vậy nếu bạn đọc hoặc nói sai ngữ điệu, người nghe sẽ rất khó hiểu bạn đang nói gì.
Để đọc/ nói chuẩn ngữ điệu tiếng Anh như người bản xứ bạn cần thời gian và sự thực hành chăm chỉ. Ngữ điệu tiếng Anh thay đổi phụ thuộc vào độ cao thấp (âm vực) của giọng nói (pitch) cũng như trạng thái cảm xúc của người nói: nói nhanh, nói chậm, nói to, nói nhỏ, khi uể oải hay lúc hào hứng…Ba yếu tố cấu thành ngữ điệu là âm vực, trọng âm câu và nhịp điệu, trong đó quan trọng nhất là trọng âm câu.
(Trọng âm câu rơi vào các từ có chấm tròn và mũi tên chỉ ngữ điệu lên giọng hay hạ giọng)
Trọng âm câu giúp người nghe dễ hiểu và nắm bắt nhanh hơn thông qua việc nhấn mạnh những từ thông tin quan trọng với âm vực cao, to, rõ ràng và nói nhẹ hoặc lướt những từ không quan trọng, thường là các từ phụ như từ nối, quán từ, giới từ…
Trọng âm câu góp phần tạo ra giai điệu khi đọc và nói tiếng Anh. Các từ tiếng Anh khi đứng riêng biệt đều có trọng âm từ riêng nhưng khi trong một câu các cụm từ thông tin đi liền với nhau sẽ được nhấn mạnh, được tách biệt ra bởi một quãng ngừng và bởi một âm vực giọng khác hẳn các phần còn lại. Các từ phụ sẽ được phát âm nhanh một mạch đều đều giọng trung bình hoặc thấp. Những từ đầu hoặc cuối câu thường có được trọng âm mạnh (hoặc lên giọng hoặc xuống giọng) để giúp người nghe phân biệt 1 câu với câu khác.
Để luyện nói giọng chuẩn tiếng Anh bạn có thể nghe và nhắc lại sao cho thật giống bản gốc. Bạn nên tìm các nguồn nghe có văn bản đi kèm như Audiobook để dễ theo dõi. Khi nghe bạn có thể đánh dấu trực tiếp luôn vào văn bản các chỗ lên, xuống giọng để khi thực hành lại dễ dàng hơn. Nếu bạn cần tài liệu nghe, Mydear sẽ cung cấp cho bạn qua email.
Ngữ điệu có vai trò quan trọng khi nói tiếng Anh, không chỉ để nhóm các cụm từ liên quan với nhau thành 1 đoạn nói mà còn dùng để phân biệt các loại câu khác nhau trong tiếng Anh như câu tường thuật/ kể lại, câu hỏi, câu mệnh lệnh, câu yêu cầu hay câu cảm thán…
Các quy tắc ngữ điệu cơ bản cho từng loại câu tiếng Anh như dưới đây. Bạn nhìn theo chiều gạch chéo để biết lên hay xuống giọng nhé:
Statements (Câu tường thuật, mô tả, kể lại): ngữ điệu lên giọng đầu câu và hạ giọng cuối câu:
Betty lives in \London.
Victor works at a \bank.
I haven’t read this \book.
We went to the theater \yesterday.
Special questions (Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi Wh-question): Ngữ điệu lên giọng mạnh nhất đầu câu ở từ để hỏi và hạ dần ở cuối câu.
What is his \name?
Where does he \live?
When did you \call him?
Why are you \late?
General questions (Câu hỏi không có từ để hỏi, câu hỏi sai khiến): lên giọng ở cuối câu
Do you visit them /often?
Have you seen my /keys?
Are you ready to /start?
Could you give me a /pen, please?
Alternative questions (Câu hỏi lựa chọn): Để hỏi ai đó chọn 1 trong 2 phương án, lên giọng ở phương án 1 và hạ giọng ở phương án 2
Do you want /coffee or \tea?
Does he speak /English or \German?
Tag questions (Câu hỏi đuôi): Dạng câu hỏi này có một đoạn láy phủ định lại phần khẳng định kiểu như “có đúng không”, “phải vậy không” trong tiếng Việt. Với loại câu này bạn cần lên giọng ở đoạn láy lại đó.
It’s a beautiful \town, /isn’t it?
She \knows him, /doesn’t she?
Commands: Câu mệnh lệnh: Lên giọng đầu câu và hạ giọng cuối câu
\Stop it! Sit \down.
Close your \books.
Exclamatory sentences: Câu cảm thán: lên giọng đầu câu và hạ dần
What a wonderful \present!
How \nice of you!
Direct address: Câu nói nhắm tới ai đó, khi bạn nhắc tên họ đầu câu kiểu như Này Peter, này Jane….: Trọng âm nhấn vào tên người đó
/Peter, can you /help me?
Mrs. /Smith, this is Mary \Brown.
Enumerating: Cách nói liệt kê: giọng đều đều nhưng hạ bất ngờ ở cái cuối cùng
/One, /two, /three, /four, \five.
She bought /bread, /cheese, /oranges, and \apples.
Mệnh đề giới thiệu: thường nhấn trọng âm vào đối tượng, lên giọng sau dấu phẩy
According to John, a /specialist in human behavior study….
(Nguồn Mydear English, vui lòng ghi rõ nguồn khi trích dẫn lại)
◄ Quiz: Past simple and Past continuous
Practice task 1: Intonation in exclamatory sentences
Chuyển tới... Chuyển tới... 1. Ôn tập từ vựng: Unit 1, 2, 3 2. Unit 4: Vocabulary and Grammar 3. Unit 4: Our customs and traditions - Writing 4. Unit 5: Vocabulary and Grammar 5. Unit 5: Write a letter to a pen pal 6. Unit 6: Vocabulary and grammar 7. Ôn tập học kì 1 buổi 1 8. Ôn tập học kì 1 buổi 2 9. Unit 7: Polliution (Vocabulary and pronunciation) 10. Unit 7: Grammar and Writing 11. Unit 7: Grammar and Writing (cont.) 12. Unit 8: Vocabulary and Pronunciation Lesson summary: Leisure activities and adjectives to describe leisure activities Practice task 1: Collocations about leisure activities Practice task 2: Adjectives to describe leisure activities Quiz: Leisure activities and adjectives to describe leisure activities Lesson summary: Verbs of likes and dislikes Practice task 1: Verbs of likes and dislikes Practice task 2: Verbs of likes and dislikes Quiz: Verbs of likes and dislikes 5-minute video with Tim: Phân biệt âm tiết /br/ và /pr/ Practice task 1: Distinguish the sounds /br/ and /pr/ Practice task 2: Distinguish the sounds /br/ and /pr/ Quiz: Distinguish the sounds /br/ and /pr/ Lesson summary: Identify the topic and main ideas of the text Practice task: Identify the topic and main ideas of the text Quiz: Identify the topic and read for specific information about leisure time Practice task: Listening for specific information about leisure activities Quiz: Listening for specific information about leisure activities Lesson summary: Writing to discuss an opinion about leisure time Practice task 1: Phrases to give opinions Practice task 2: Write to discuss an opinion about leisure time Quiz: Writing to discuss an opinion about leisure time UNIT 1_Selected response test (Đề trắc nghiệm) UNIT 1_Constructed response test (Đề tự luận) Lesson summary: Adjectives to describe people, life and scenery in the countryside Practice Task 1: Adjective to describe life in the countryside. Practice task 2: Collocations (verbs + nouns) to describe people and scenery Quiz: Adjectives to describe people, life and scenery in the countryside Lesson summary: Comparative forms of adverbs Practice task: Comparative forms of adjectives review Practice task 1: Comparative forms of adverbs (1) Practice task 2: Comparative forms of adverbs (2) Quiz: Comparative forms of adjectives and adverbs Practice task 1: Listen and distinguish the sounds /bl/ or /cl/ Practice task 2: Distinguish the sounds /bl/ and /cl/ Quiz: Distinguish the sounds /bl/ and /cl/ Lesson summary: Matching headings with suitable paragraphs Practice task: Reading about life in the countryside Quiz: Reading about a village and match the headings with the paragraphs. Practice task: Listening to get specific information about a village Quiz: Listening to get specific information about life in the countryside Lesson: Writing a paragraph about changes in your living area Practice 1: Expressions about positive and negative changes in the village Practice 2: Writing a paragraph about changes in the village Quiz: Writing a paragraph about changes in your living area UNIT2_Selected response test ( Đề thi trắc nghiệm) UNIT 2_ Constructed response test (Đề tự luận) Lesson summary: Lexical items related to life in the past Practice task 1: Vocabularies related to peoples of Vietnam Practice task 2: Opposite adjectives Quiz: Lexical items related to cultural groups of Vietnam and Opposite adjectives Lesson summary 1: Questions (Revised) Practice task 1: Revising questions (1) Practice task 2: Revising questions (2) Lesson summary 2: Articles (Some uses) Practice task 1: Using articles (1) Practice task 2: Using articles (2) Quiz: Questions and articles 5-minute video with Tim: Phân biệt âm tiết /sp/, /sk/ và /st/ Practice task 1: Clusters /sk/, /sp/ and /st/ (1) Practice task 2: Clusters /sp/, /sk/, /st/ (2) Quiz: Clusters /sk/, /sp/and /st/ Lesson summary: Understanding text structure and locating specific information in the text Practice task: Understanding organisation of a text and reading for specific information about an ethnic group. Quiz: Understanding organization of text and reading for specific information about an ethnic group. Practice task : Listening for specific information about a traditional dish Quiz: listening for specific information about a traditional dish Lesson summary: Organizing ideas to write a recipe for a traditional dish. Practice task 1: Understanding the organization of a paragraph about a recipe for a traditional dish. Practice task 2: Useful expressions to write a recipe for a traditional dish Quiz: writing a recipe for a traditional dish UNIT 3_Selected response test ( Đề thi trắc nghiệm) UNIT 3_Constructed response test ( Đề tự luận) Link vào học Ôn tập từ vựng Unit 1, 2, 3 Lesson summary: Types of customs and traditions & Expressions with customs and traditions Practice task 1: Types of customs and traditions Practice task 2: Expressions with customs and traditions Quiz: Types of customs and traditions & Expressions with customs and traditions - ADDED Lesson summary: Should and shouldn’t to express advice about traditions and customs (review) Practice task 1: ‘Should’ and ‘shouldn’t’ to express advice (1) Practice task 2: 'Should' and 'shouldn't' to express advice (2) Lesson summary: ‘Have to’ and ‘must’ to express obligation and necessity Practice task 1: ‘Have to’ and ‘must’ to express obligation and necessity (1) Practice task 2: ‘Have to’ and ‘must’ to express obligation and necessity (2) Quiz: ‘Should’, ‘have to’ and ‘must’ 5-minute video with Tim: Phân biệt âm tiết /str/ và /spr/ Practice task 1: Clusters /spr/ and /str/ (1) Practice task 2: Clusters /spr/ and /str/ (2) Quiz: Clusters /spr/ and /str/ Lesson summary: How to find specific information in a reading text Practice task: Reading for specific information about customs and traditions Quiz: Reading for specific information about customs and traditions Practice task: Listening to get specific information about a traditional dance Quiz: Listening to get specific information about a traditional dance Lesson summary: Writing a paragraph to describe a traditional dance Practice task 1: Organizing ideas in a paragraph to describe a traditional dance Practice task 2: Structures in a paragraph to describe a traditional dance Quiz: Structure in a description of a traditional dance UNIT 4_Selected response test (Đề trắc nghiệm) UNIT 4_Constructed response test (Đề tự luận) Ôn tập Từ vựng, ngữ pháp Unit 4 Link vào học Ôn tập kỹ năng Viết Unit 4 Link vào học Lesson summary: Festivals in Vietnam Practice task 1: Festivals and festival activities Practice task 2: Festivals and festival activities Quiz: Understanding and using words related to festivals and festival activities in Vietnam Lesson summary: Simple, compound and complex sentence. Practice task 1: Identifying simple, compound, and complex sentences Practice task 2: Using compound and complex sentences Quiz: Understanding simple, compound and complex sentences Lesson summary: Stress in words ending in “–ion” or “– ian” Practice task 1: Stress in words ending in “–ion” or “– ian” (1) Practice task 2: Stress in words ending in “–ion” or “– ian” (2) Quiz: Stress in words ending in “–ion” or “– ian” Lesson summary: Using context clues to understand word meanings Practice task: Understanding the meanings of the words in context Quiz: Understanding the meanings of the words in context Practice task: Listening for specific information about a festival in Vietnam Quiz: Listening for specific information about a festival Lesson summary: Writing a paragraph about a festival Practice task 1: Find the mistakes in the expressions Practice task 2: Simple, compound, or complex sentence Quiz: Types of sentences and expressions in a paragraph about a festival UNIT 5_Selected response test (Đề trắc nghiệm) UNIT 5_Constructed response test (Đề tự luận) Link vào học Ôn tập từ vựng và ngữ pháp Unit 5 Link vào học Ôn tập kỹ năng viết Unit 5 Lesson summary: Fairy tale related vocabulary Practice task 1: Practicing characters in folk tales Practice task 2: Using adjectives to describe characters. Quiz: Folk tales characters and characters describing adjectives Lesson summary: Past simple Practice task 1: Past simple (1) Practice task 2: Past simple (2) Lesson summary: Past continuous Practice task 1: Past continuous (1) Practice task 2: Past continuous (2) Quiz: Past simple and Past continuous Practice task 2: Intonation in exclamatory sentences Quiz: Intonation in exclamatory sentences Lesson summary: Understanding the elements of a fairy tale Practice task: Reading for specific information about a legend/ fairy tale/ fable Quiz: Reading for specific information about a legend/ fairy tale/ fable Practice task: Listening for specific information about a fairy tale/ fable/ legend Quiz: Listening for specific information about a fairy tale/ fable/ legend Lesson summary: Narrating a fairy tale Practice task 1: Narrating a fairy tale Practice task 2: Narrating a fairy tale Quiz: Narrating a fairy tale UNIT 6_Selected response test (Đề trắc nghiệm) UNIT 6_Constructed response test (Đề tự luận) Link vào học Ôn tập từ vựng và ngữ pháp Unit 6 Link vào học End of term revision (1) HBON CLUB: Unit 7: Grammar + Writing Lesson Summary: Pollution related vocabulary Practice task 1: Pollution related vocabulary Practice task 2: Words and phrases to talk about cause/ effect Quiz: Pollution related vocabulary Lesson summary: Conditional sentences type 1& 2 Practice Task 1: Conditional Type 1& 2 (1) Practice Task 2: Conditional Type 1 & 2 (2) (EDITED) Quiz: Conditional Sentences Type 1 & 2 (EDITED) Practice task 1: Stress of words ending in -ic and -al (1) Practice task 2: Stress of words ending in -ic and -al (2) Quiz: Stress of words ending in -ic and -al Lesson summary: Reading for general and specific information about a type of pollution. Practice task: reading for specific information about a type of pollution Quiz: Reading for specific information about a type of pollution Practice task: Listening for specific information about a type of pollution (EDITED) Quiz: listening for specific information about a type of pollution Lesson summary: Writing an article about the causes and effects of a type of pollution Practice task 1: Understanding the structure of an articale about the causes and effects of a pollution type. Practice task 2: Structures to signal cause and effects Quiz: Writing about the causes and effects of a type of pollution. (EDITED) UNIT 7_Selected response test (Đề trắc nghiệm) (EDITED) UNIT 7_Constructed Response Test (Đề tự luận) Link vào học Ôn tập từ vựng và phát âm Unit 7 Link vào học Ôn tập ngữ pháp và từ vựng UNIT 7 Lesson summary: People and places in English speaking countries Practice task 1: Some English speaking countries and their flags Practice task 2: People in English speaking countries (edited) Practice task 3: Nouns and adjectives to describe places (edited) Quiz: People and places in English speaking countries (edited) Lesson summary: Present tenses (Review) Practice task 1: Present tenses (review) (1) Practice task 2: Present tenses (review) (2) Lesson summary: Present simple for future meaning Practice task 1: Present simple for future (1) Practice task 2: Present simple for future (2) (edited) Quiz: Present tenses (review) & Present simple for future Lesson summary: Stress in words ending in –ese and -ee Practice task 1: Stress in words ending in –ese and -ee Practice task 2: Stress in words ending in –ese and –ee (2) Quiz: Stress in words ending in –ese and –ee Lesson summary: Reading for specific information about an English speaking country Practice task: Reading for specific information about an English speaking country Quiz: Reading for specific information about the attractions of a country Practice task: Listening for specific information about a day trip to a town in an English speaking country Quiz: Listening for specific information about a day trip to a town Lesson summary: Describe a schedule for a visit or a tour Practice task 1: Organizing ideas in a paragraph about schedule of a visit/ tour Practice task 2: Writing sentences in a paragraph describing the schedule of a visit Quiz: Writing a paragraph to describe the schedule of a visit UNIT 8_Selected response test (Đề trắc nghiệm) UNIT 8_Constructed response test (Đề tự luận) Ôn tập từ vựng và phát âm Unit 8 English 8_Unit 8_Vocabulary and Grammar English 8 - Unit 8. Writing Lesson summary: Vocabulary related to natural disasters. Practice task 1: Types of natural disasters Practice task 2: Vocabulary related to natural diasters. Quiz: Vocabulary related to natural disasters Lesson summary: Past perfect Practice task 1: Past perfect (1) Practice task 2: Past perfect (2) Passive voice (Review) Practice task 1: Passive voice - Review (1) Practice task 2: Passive voice (Review) (2) Quiz: Past Perfect and Passive voice Practice task 1: Stress in words ending in -graphy and -logy Practice task 2: Stress in words ending in -logy and -graphy Quiz: Stress in words ending in -logy and -graphy Lesson summary: Reading for specific information about natural disaster. Practice task: Reading for specific information about a disaster guideline Quiz: Reading for specific information about a disaster diary. Practice task: Listening for specific information about a type of natural disaster. Quiz: Listening for specific information about a disaster guideline. Lesson summary: Writing a news report about a type of natural disaster Practice task 1: Headlines in news report about natural disasters Practice task 2: Structures in writing a news report about a natural disaster. Quiz: Writing a news report about a natural disaster. UNIT 9_Selected Response Test (Đề trắc nghiệm) UNIT 9_Constructed Response Test (Đề tự luận) PHẦN 1. ĐỀ TRẮC NGHIỆM English 8_Unit 9_Ôn tập từ vựng English 8_Unit 9_Vocabulary and Grammar English 8_Unit 9_Grammar review English 8_Unit 9_Writing Mid-term revision Lesson summary: Communication forms and communication technology Practice task 1: Ways of communication Practice task 2: Communication technology Practice task 3: Other vocabulary related to communication Quiz: Communication forms and communication technology Lesson summary: Future continuous (Review) Practice task 1: Future continuous (1) Practice task 2: Future continuous (2) Lesson summary: Verbs + to-infinitive Practice task 1: Verbs + to infinitive (1) Practice task 2: Verbs + to infinitive (2) Quiz: Future continuous & Verbs + to-infinitives Lesson summary: Stress in words ending in –ity and -itive Practice task 1: Pronouncing words ending in –ity and -itive Practice task 2: Identifying the stressed syllables in words ending in –ity and -itive Quiz: Stress in words ending in –ity and -itive Lesson summary: Using context clues to understand word meanings Practice task: Using context clues to understand word meaning in a text about future communication Quiz: Reading for specific information about a way of communication Practice task: Listening for specific information about netiquette Quiz: Listening for specific information about communication today Lesson summary: Write an email using netiquette Practice task 1: Organization of an email to a teacher Practice task 2: Writing sentences in an email to a teacher Quiz: Write an email to your teacher UNIT 10_Selected response test (Đề trắc nghiệm) UNIT 10_Constructed response test (Đề tự luận) English_8_Unit-10_Vocabulary English 8_Unit 10_Grammar Lesson Summary: Vocabulary related to science and technology Practice Task 1: Vocabulary related to science and technology (1) Practice Task 2: Vocabulary related to science and technology (2) Quiz: Vocabulary related to science and technology Lesson Summary: Future tenses (Review) Practice Task 1: Future tenses (Review) (1) Practice Task 2: Future tenses (Review) (2) Lesson Summary: Reported speech of statements Practice Task 1: Reported speech of statements (1) Practice Task 2: Reported speech of statements (2) Quiz: Future tenses and Reported speech of statements Practice task 1: Stress in words starting with un- and im- Practice task 2: Stress in words starting with un- and im- Lesson summary: Identifying word meaning and scanning for specific information about science and technology Practice task: Identifying word meaning and scanning for specific information about science and technology Quiz: Identifying word meaning and scanning for specific information about science and technology Practice task: Listening for specific information about the benefits and problems of science and technology Quiz: Listening for specific information about the benefits and problems of science and technology Lesson Summary: Writing a paragraph to give opinions about the future role of science and technology Practice Task: Writing a paragraph to give opinions about the future role of science and technology Quiz: Writing a paragraph to give opinions about the future role of science and technology Unit 11_Selected response test (Đề trắc nghiệm) Unit 11_Constructed responsed test (Đề tự luận) 🔴 HBON Club: Unit 11: Vocabulary & Pronunciation Lesson summary: Life on other planets and words with suffixes –ful and -less Practice task 1: Life on other planets Practice task 2: Words with suffixes –ful and -less Quiz: Life on other planets and words with suffixes –ful and -less Lesson summary: Reported questions Practice task 1: Reported questions Practice task 2: Reported questions Quiz: Reported questions Lesson summary: Stress on words ending in -ful and –less Practice task 1: Stress on words ending in -ful and –less Practice task 2: Stress on words ending in -ful and –less Quiz: Stress on words ending in -ful and –less Lesson summary: Reading for general and specific information about life on other planets Practice task: Reading for general and specific information about life on other planets Quiz: Reading for general and specific information about life on other planets Practice task: Listening for specific information about people on another planet. Quiz: Listening for specific information about people on another planet. Lesson summary: Write a description of an alien in your imagination or in a movie that you know Practice task 1 Practice task 2 Quiz: Write a description of an alien in your imagination or in a movie that you know Unit 12_Selected response test (Đề trắc nghiệm) Unit 12_ Constructed response test (Đề tự luận) Unit 10,11,12_Selected response test (Đề trắc nghiệm)) Unit 10,11,12_Constructed response test (Đề tự luận)
Practice task 2: Intonation in exclamatory sentences ►