String concatenation means add strings together.
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Summary: in this tutorial, you’ll learn various ways to concatenate strings in Python.
Python provides you with various ways to concatenate one or more strings into a new string.
Since Python string is immutable, the concatenation always results in a new string.
1) Concatenating literal strings
To concatenate two or more literal strings, you just need to place them next to each other. For example:
s = 'String' ' Concatenation' print(s)
Code language: PHP (php)Output:
String Concatenation
Code language: JavaScript (javascript)Note that this way won’t work for the string variables.
2) Concatenating strings using the + operator
A straightforward way to concatenate multiple strings into one is to use the + operator:
s = 'String' + ' Concatenation' print(s)
Code language: PHP (php)And the + operator works for both literal strings and string variables. For example:
s1 = 'String' s2 = s1 + ' Concatenation' print(s2)
Code language: PHP (php)Output:
String Concatenation
Code language: JavaScript (javascript)3) Concatenating strings using the += operator
Similar to the + operator, you can use the += operator to concatenate multiple strings into one:
s = 'String' s += ' Concatenation' print(s)
Code language: PHP (php)Output:
String Concatenation
Code language: JavaScript (javascript)4) Concatenating strings using the join() method
The join() method allows you to concatenate a list of strings into a single string:
s1 = 'String' s2 = 'Concatenation' s3 = ''.join([s1, s2]) print(s3)
Code language: PHP (php)Output:
StringConcatenation
The join() method also allows you to specify a delimiter when concatenating strings. For example:
s1 = 'String' s2 = 'Concatenation' s3 = ' '.join([s1, s2]) print(s3)
Code language: PHP (php)Output:
String Concatenation
Code language: JavaScript (javascript)In this example, we use the join() method to concatenate strings delimited by a space.
The following example use the join() method to concatenate strings delimited by a comma:
s1, s2, s3 = 'Python', 'String', 'Concatenation' s = ','.join([s1, s2, s3]) print(s)
Code language: PHP (php)Output:
Python,String,Concatenation
Code language: JavaScript (javascript)5) Concatenating strings using the %-formatting
String objects have the built-in % operator that allows you to format strings. Also, you can use it to concatenate strings. For example:
s1, s2, s3 = 'Python', 'String', 'Concatenation' s = '%s %s %s' % (s1, s2, s3) print(s)
Code language: PHP (php)Output:
Python String Concatenation
Code language: JavaScript (javascript)In this example, Python substitutes a %s in the literal string by corresponding string variable in the tuple that follows the % operator.
6) Concatenating strings using the format() method
You can use the format() method to concatenate multiple strings into a string. For example:
s1, s2, s3 = 'Python', 'String', 'Concatenation' s = '{} {} {}'.format(s1, s2, s3) print(s)
Code language: PHP (php)Output:
Python String Concatenation
Code language: JavaScript (javascript)In this example, you use the {} in the string literal and pass the string that you want to concatenate to the format() method. The format() method substitutes the {} by the corresponding string argument.
7) Concatenating strings using f-strings
Python 3.6 introduced the f-strings that allow you to format strings in a more concise and elegant way.
And you can use the f-strings to concatenate multiple strings into one. For example:
s1, s2, s3 = 'Python', 'String', 'Concatenation' s = f'{s1} {s2} {s3}' print(s)
Code language: PHP (php)Output:
Python String Concatenation
Code language: JavaScript (javascript)Which method should you use to concatenate strings
Even though there’re multiple ways to concatenate strings in Python, it’s recommended to use the join() method, the + operator, and f-strings to concatenate strings.
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Concatenation means joining strings together end-to-end to create a new string. To concatenate strings, we use the + operator. Keep in mind that when we work with numbers, + will be an operator for addition, but when used with strings it is a joining operator.
Even though there're multiple ways to concatenate strings in Python, it's recommended to use the join() method, the + operator, and f-strings to concatenate strings.
+= operator You can append another string to a string with the in-place operator, += . The string on the right is concatenated after the string variable on the left. If you want to add a string to the end of a string variable, use the += operator.
Concatenating means obtaining a new string that contains both of the original strings. In Python, there are a few ways to concatenate or combine strings. The new string that is created is referred to as a string object. In order to merge two strings into a single object, you may use the + operator.