Hướng dẫn how do i turn a linked list into a list in python? - làm cách nào để biến danh sách được liên kết thành danh sách trong python?

Question

Tóm tắt: Danh sách toàn diện được thiết kế xung quanh các vòng lặp hơn là trong khi vòng lặp, vì vậy đây không phải là một sự phù hợp tốt. List comprehensions are designed around for-loops rather than while-loops, so this isn't a good fit.

Nội dung chính Show

Độ phức tạp về thời gian: O (N) Không gian phụ trợ: O (N)
#include <iostream>67 #include <iostream>68#include <iostream>69#include <iostream>70

Những gì cần thiết: vòng lặp for yêu cầu một trình lặp cho đầu vào. The for-loop requires an iterator for input.

Thay thế 1: Điều này có thể hoạt động với sự hiểu biết danh sách, nhưng điều đó sẽ đòi hỏi phải chuyển công việc thành một trình tạo (có khả năng không phải là những gì bạn đang hy vọng): This could work with a list comprehension, but that would entail shifting the work into a generator (which likely isn't what you were hoping for):

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def ll_iterator(node):
        while node != None:
            yield node
            node = child[node]

>>> [x for x in ll_iterator('a')]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

Thay thế 2: Bên cạnh các máy phát điện, một cách khác để tạo một trình lặp là sử dụng hai dạng đối số của iter (). Để hoạt động, bạn sẽ cần một chức năng không có trạng thái, không phát ra các nút danh sách liên kết liên tiếp: Besides generators, another way to make an iterator is to use the two argument form of iter(). For that to work, you would need a stateful, zero-argument function that emitted successive linked list nodes:

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

Đánh giá: Cả hai lựa chọn thay thế này đều hơi thô thiển, vì vậy bạn tốt hơn nếu không có sự hiểu biết danh sách. Mã đơn giản, đơn giản là tốt nhất :-) Both of these alternatives are a bit gross, so you're better-off without the list comprehension. Simple, straight-forward code is the best :-)

Chú thích: Câu hỏi này là một câu hỏi hay. Nhiều hơn một người đã gợi ý rằng ngôn ngữ bổ sung trong khi vòng lặp vòng lặp. Nếu đề xuất đó từng đến với kết quả, việc áp dụng các biểu thức chuyển nhượng của Python 3.8 cũng sẽ giúp cho trường hợp sử dụng của bạn. This question is a good one. More than one person has suggested that the language add while-loop comprehensions. If that suggestion ever came to fruition, Python 3.8's adoption of assignment expressions would also help for your use case.

std;90 struct71#include <iostream>0

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

36

Độ phức tạp về thời gian: O (N) Không gian phụ trợ: O (N)

Cải thiện bài viết

Lưu bài viết

std;90 struct71#include <iostream>0

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

36

Độ phức tạp về thời gian: O (N) Không gian phụ trợ: O (N)

Cải thiện bài viết
Examples:

Lưu bài viết List = 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5 -> NULL
Output: 1 2 3 4 5
Input: List = 10 -> 20 -> 30 -> 40 -> 50 -> NULL
Output: 10 20 30 40 50

Đọc An approach to creating a linked list from the given array has been discussed in this article. Here, an approach to convert the given linked list to an array will be discussed.

Bàn luậnlen.
Đưa ra một danh sách được liên kết đơn lẻ và nhiệm vụ là chuyển đổi nó thành một mảng.examples: & nbsp; & nbsp;len.
Đầu vào: list = 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5 -> null & nbsp; đầu ra: 1 2 3 4 5input: list = 10 -> 20 -> 30 -> 40 -> 50 -> null & nbsp; đầu ra: 10 20 30 40 50 & nbsp; & nbsp;

Cách tiếp cận: Một cách tiếp cận để tạo một danh sách được liên kết từ mảng đã cho đã được thảo luận trong bài viết này. Ở đây, một cách tiếp cận để chuyển đổi danh sách được liên kết đã cho thành một mảng sẽ được thảo luận. & Nbsp; & nbsp;

C++

#include <iostream>

Tìm độ dài của danh sách liên kết đã cho nói Len.

Tạo một mảng có kích thước Len.

Traverse Danh sách được liên kết đã cho và lưu trữ các yếu tố trong mảng một lần.

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

2

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

3

Dưới đây là việc thực hiện phương pháp trên: & nbsp; & nbsp;

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

7

using namespace std;

#include <iostream>3

#include <iostream>5

#include <iostream>7 #include <iostream>8

#include <iostream>9

std;86 struct05

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

7

using8 struct09

namespace2namespace3namespace4namespace5

#include <iostream>9

std;86 struct16

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

7

std;90 struct20

int std;4

std;86 struct41

namespace2std;9

namespace2struct1

#include <iostream>9

#include <iostream>7 struct6

#include <iostream>9

struct46#include <iostream>0 struct48

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

7

int node {3

std;90 struct71#include <iostream>0

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

36

int node {9

std;1

std;86 struct41

namespace2 6

namespace2struct1

#include <iostream>9

int2

#include <iostream>9

struct46#include <iostream>0 struct48

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

7

int8

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

00

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

02

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

04

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

06

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

08

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

10

std;90 struct71#include <iostream>0

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

36

#include <iostream>9

Độ phức tạp về thời gian: O (N) Không gian phụ trợ: O (N)

Cải thiện bài viết

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

7

Lưu bài viết

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

7

Traverse Danh sách được liên kết đã cho và lưu trữ các yếu tố trong mảng một lần.

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

26

#include <iostream>9

Dưới đây là việc thực hiện phương pháp trên: & nbsp; & nbsp;

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

7

using namespace std;

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

38

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

40

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

41namespace5

#include <iostream>7 #include <iostream>8

#include <iostream>9

std;86 struct05

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

7

using8 struct09

namespace2

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

63namespace4

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

65

#include <iostream>9

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

18 int

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

69

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

7

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

72

int

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

75

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

60namespace5

std;6

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

80

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

41

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

82

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

7

namespace2std;9

namespace2

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

88

#include <iostream>9

#include <iostream>7 struct6

#include <iostream>9

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

18 using0

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

97

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

7

int node {3

int #include <iostream>04#include <iostream>0 int#include <iostream>07

int #include <iostream>10

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

60namespace5

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

72

std;6

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

80

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

41#include <iostream>19

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

7

namespace2#include <iostream>23

namespace2

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

88

#include <iostream>9

int2

#include <iostream>9

#include <iostream>31

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

18 using0 #include <iostream>34

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

7

#include <iostream>37#include <iostream>0

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

36

#include <iostream>41#include <iostream>42

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

65

#include <iostream>45#include <iostream>46

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

65

#include <iostream>49#include <iostream>50

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

65

#include <iostream>53#include <iostream>54

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

65

#include <iostream>57#include <iostream>58

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

65

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

10

#include <iostream>9

Python3

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

15 #include <iostream>65

#include <iostream>67 #include <iostream>68#include <iostream>69#include <iostream>70

namespace2#include <iostream>69#include <iostream>73#include <iostream>74 #include <iostream>75

namespace2#include <iostream>69#include <iostream>78#include <iostream>79 #include <iostream>74 #include <iostream>81

#include <iostream>67 #include <iostream>83

#include <iostream>85#include <iostream>74 #include <iostream>87

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

60

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

82

#include <iostream>91#include <iostream>74 #include <iostream>93

#include <iostream>95#include <iostream>79 #include <iostream>74 #include <iostream>81

#include <iostream>7 using01

#include <iostream>67 using03

using05#include <iostream>74

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

60

std;6using10

namespace2using12 using13#include <iostream>74 namespace4

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

82

namespace2using05#include <iostream>74 using05using21 #include <iostream>42

#include <iostream>67 using24

using26#include <iostream>74 using28

using30#include <iostream>74

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

60

std;6 using35#include <iostream>74 #include <iostream>81using38

namespace2using30#include <iostream>74 using30using21 #include <iostream>42

namespace2using26#include <iostream>74 using48#include <iostream>79

#include <iostream>7 using52

#include <iostream>67 using54

using56#include <iostream>74 using58

using60#include <iostream>74 using62

using64#include <iostream>74

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

60

using26#include <iostream>74 using28

using30#include <iostream>74

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

60

namespace2using78

namespace2using26#include <iostream>74 using48#include <iostream>79

using85

#include <iostream>7 using52

#include <iostream>67 using54

using56#include <iostream>74 using58

using60#include <iostream>74 using62

using64#include <iostream>74

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

60

std;6 using35#include <iostream>74 #include <iostream>81using76

namespace32

C#

using86#include <iostream>74 #include <iostream>87

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

60

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

82

using86#include <iostream>74 using93#include <iostream>42

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

82

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

7

using96#include <iostream>79 #include <iostream>74 using93#include <iostream>46

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

82

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

7

using96#include <iostream>79#include <iostream>78#include <iostream>79 #include <iostream>74 using93#include <iostream>50

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

82

Các

#include <iostream>9

Các

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

7

using namespace34

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

38

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

40

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

41namespace5

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

15

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

16

#include <iostream>9

#include <iostream>31

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

18 using0 #include <iostream>34

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

7

#include <iostream>37#include <iostream>0

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

36

namespace2namespace83namespace4

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

65

#include <iostream>9

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

15 #include <iostream>65

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

7

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

72

#include <iostream>67 #include <iostream>68#include <iostream>69#include <iostream>70

std;6

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

80

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

41

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

82

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

7

namespace2std;9

namespace2

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

88

#include <iostream>9

#include <iostream>7 struct6

#include <iostream>9

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

18 using0

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

97

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

7

int node {3

int #include <iostream>04#include <iostream>0 int#include <iostream>07

namespace2#include <iostream>69#include <iostream>73#include <iostream>74 #include <iostream>75

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

72

std;6

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

80

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

41#include <iostream>19

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

7

namespace2#include <iostream>23

namespace2

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

88

#include <iostream>9

int2

#include <iostream>9

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

7

#include <iostream>37#include <iostream>0

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

36

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

00

std;59

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

15 #include <iostream>65

std;63

std;65

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

10

#include <iostream>9

#include <iostream>67 #include <iostream>68#include <iostream>69#include <iostream>70

std;70

std;71

namespace2std;73

std;74std;75std;76

std;74std;75std;79

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

41namespace5

std;82#include <iostream>9

namespace2#include <iostream>9

namespace2#include <iostream>69#include <iostream>73#include <iostream>74 #include <iostream>75

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

7

namespace2#include <iostream>69#include <iostream>78#include <iostream>79 #include <iostream>74 #include <iostream>81

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

38

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

40

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

41namespace5

#include <iostream>7 #include <iostream>8

#include <iostream>9

std;86 struct05

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

7

using8 struct09

namespace2struct11namespace4

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

65

#include <iostream>9

std;86 struct16

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

7

std;90 struct20

struct22

std;6

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

80

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

41

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

82

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

7

namespace2std;9

namespace2

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

88

#include <iostream>9

#include <iostream>7 struct6

#include <iostream>9

std;86 struct41

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

7

struct44

struct46#include <iostream>0 struct48

struct50

std;90 struct20

std;6

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

80

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

41

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

82

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

7

namespace2#include <iostream>23

namespace2

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

88

#include <iostream>9

int2

#include <iostream>9

#include <iostream>7 struct6

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

00

std;59

std;61

std;63

std;65

>>> child = {'a':'b', 'b': 'c', 'c': 'd', 'd': None}
>>> def next_ll(state=['a']):
        value = state[0]
        if value is not None:
            state[0] = child[value]
            return value

>>> [x for x in iter(next_ll, None)]
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

10

struct80

std;86 struct41 O(N)
Auxiliary Space: O(N)