Human behavior develops in certain ways because it serves a useful purpose

Can it be really possible that one is given all tips and guides in counselling to achieve greater and greater wellbeing or wellness, but completely divorced of having any thought or concern or even attention to the plight or suffering of fellow humans living perhaps in the next slums or shanties or country sides.? Or as fellow human beings, one needs to be in some way socially caring and reaching out to others, as long as we fall short of creating an egalitarian and equal society. In some developing countries, some self styled gurus and counsellors promise to take people to the land of perfect happiness and wellbeing through all types of workshops and meditation methods etc but no word on their brotherly concern for other fellow humans. Aren’t people being taken for a ride?

Here's why psychologists pursue these goals and how the information gleaned in their pursuit is used to solve real-world problems.

Describing Behavior

Simply describing the behavior of humans and other animals helps psychologists understand the motivations behind it. Such descriptions also serve as behavioral benchmarks that help psychologists gauge what is considered normal and abnormal.

Psychology researchers use a range of research methods to help describe behavior including naturalistic observation, case studies, correlational studies, surveys, and self-report inventories.

Researchers might start by observing human behavior and then describing a problem. By understanding what is happening, psychologists can then work on learning more about why the behavior happens and even how to change it.

How Psychological Descriptions Might Be Used

Imagine that researchers want to learn more about consumer behavior in a particular retail outlet. They might use market research surveys, direct observation, and other data collection methods to gather information on what people are doing when they shop there. This gives advertisers greater insight into what is really happening in their target market.

Explaining Behavior

Explaining behavior is probably what comes to mind for most people when they think about the goals of psychology. Why do people do the things they do? What factors contribute to development, personality, social behavior, and mental health problems?

Mini-theories focus on a small aspect of human behavior, whereas grand theories serve as all-encompassing explanations of human psychology.

Types of Psychological Theories

How Psychological Explanations Might Be Used

In the previous example, researchers collected data to understand what consumers are purchasing. Psychologists might then conduct research to understand why consumers purchase certain items or what factors motivate them to make particular purchases.

What Is Motivation?

Predicting Behavior

Not surprisingly, another primary goal of psychology is to predict how we think and act. Once psychologists understand what happens and why, they can formulate predictions about when, why, and how it might happen again.

Successfully predicting behavior is also one of the best ways to know if we understand the underlying causes of our actions.

Prediction also allows psychologists to make guesses about human behavior without necessarily understanding the mechanisms underlying the phenomena.

How Psychological Predictions Might Be Used

If researchers notice that scores on a particular aptitude test predict high school dropout rates, they can extrapolate that information to estimate how many students might drop out of school each year.

In the previous example looking at consumer behavior, psychologists might use the information they collected to predict what consumers will purchase next. Businesses and marketers often employ consumer psychologists to make such predictions so that they can create products with maximum appeal to the targeted buyers.

How Consumer Psychologists Study Buying Behavior

Changing Behavior

Finally, and perhaps most importantly, psychology strives to change, influence, and/or control behavior to make constructive, lasting changes in people's lives.

From treating mental illness to enhancing human well-being, changing human behavior is a major focus of psychology.

How Psychology Helps Change Behavior

In the previous example, researchers might use what they know about the link between aptitude test scores and dropout rates to develop programs that help students stay in school.

Likewise, marketers and businesses often use the understanding gained from psychological research to influence and persuade buyers to behave in certain ways. For example, they might develop advertising campaigns designed to appeal to a certain audience. By tailoring their efforts to a specific type of buyer, they're more likely to elicit responses than if they used a generic message.

A Word From Verywell

The four primary goals of psychology—to describe, explain, predict, and change behavior— are similar to those you probably have every day as you interact with others.

When dealing with children, for example, you might ask questions such as:

• "What are they doing?" (describing)
• "Why are they doing that?" (explaining)
• "What would happen if I responded in this way?" (predicting)
• "What can I do to get them to stop doing that?" (changing)

Psychologists ask many of the same types of questions, but they use the scientific method to rigorously test and systematically understand human and animal behavior.

What school of psychology states that consciousness developed in humans because it serves a useful purpose?

Which theory refers to the human mind and behavior as a whole?

Which theory refers to the human mind and behavior as a whole quizlet?

What is human behavior quizlet?