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Acids, Bases, and Salts
AB a bases tht dissociates only partly in a solutionweak base an acid that only partly ionizes in solutionweak acid tiny aquatic plants and animalsplankton the process by which soap is madesaponification any form of precipitation with a pH lower than 5.6acid rain a process in which impurities are removed from a metal by dipping the metal in acidpickling a substance that produces OH- ions in solutionbase an acid that completely ionizes in solutionstrong a substance that removes water from materialsdehydrating agent substance made when sodium hydroxide reacts with fats or oilssoap a substance that produces H+ ion in solutionacid a substance that changes color in an acid or a baseindicator an organic compound formed by the reaction of an organic acid and an alcoholester organic salts similar to soapdetergents H3O+ is the notation for this ionhydronium formed when ions of an acid and base reactsalt a chemical reaction between an acid and a baseneutralization a base that almost completely dissociates in solutionstrong base using a standard solution to find the concentration of a second solutiontitration
Mrs. Owens
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1.
A(n) __________ is a compound formed when the negative ions from an acid combine with the positive ions from a base.
A)
ester
B)
alcohol
C)
carboxyl
D)
salt
2.
__________ are solutions containing ions that react with acids or bases to minimize their effects.
A)
Buffers
B)
Hydroxides
C)
Enzymes
D)
Indicators
3.
Which of the following bases can be ingested safely?
A)
aluminum hydroxide
B)
sodium hydroxide
C)
calcium hydroxide
D)
ammonia
4.
The __________ of a solution is a measure of the concentration of hydronium ions in it.
A)
strength
B)
concentration
C)
pH
D)
indicator
5.
__________ is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base that takes place in a water solution.
A)
Decomposition
B)
Hydrolysis
C)
Saponification
D)
Neutralization
6.
In chemical equations describing ionization, what do double arrows pointing in opposite directions indicate?
A)
The reaction rate is doubled.
B)
The ionization reaction is incomplete.
C)
The reactant is a strong acid.
D)
There is twice as much product as reactant.
7.
Which of the following statements about bases is NOT true?
A)
Bases in solution feel slippery.
B)
Bases form hydroxide ions in solution.
C)
Bases form when acids react with metals.
D)
Pure, undissolved bases are often crystalline solids.
8.
Which two terms refer to the amount of acid or base dissolved in solution?
A)
strong and dilute
B)
strong and weak
C)
dilute and concentrated
D)
weak and concentrated
9.
Which two groups does a soap molecule contain?
A)
hydronium and hydroxide
B)
hydroxide and carboxylic acid
C)
nonpolar carbon chain and salt of a carboxylic acid
D)
nonpolar nitrogen chain and carboxylic acid
10.
A(n) __________ is an organic compound that changes color in acid.
A)
base
B)
catalyst
C)
salt
D)
indicator
11.
Which three acids are used in fertilizers?
A)
phosphoric, carbonic, and ascorbic
B)
nitric, acetic, and sulfuric
C)
acetic, carbonic, and hydrochloric
D)
nitric, sulfuric, and phosphoric
12.
A(n) __________ is an organic compound formed by the reaction of an organic acid and an alcohol.
A)
base
B)
salt
C)
indicator
D)
ester
13.
Which of the following compositions of cleaners is the best choice if you have hard water?
A)
long hydrocarbon chain with sodium salt
B)
long hydrocarbon chain with potassium salt
C)
long hydrocarbon chain with sulfonic acid group
D)
long-chain fatty acid with sodium hydroxide
14.
Which of the following substances contains a base?
A)
aspirin
B)
vinegar
C)
fertilizer
D)
lemon juice
15.
Which of the following has the highest pH?
A)
vitamin C
B)
vinegar
C)
ammonia
D)
pure water
16.
Which of the following statements about acids is NOT true?
A)
Acids form hydroxide ions in solution.
B)
Many foods contain acids.
C)
Acids taste sour.
D)
Acids are corrosive.
17.
A(n) __________ is a substance that produces hydrogen ions in solution.
A)
salt
B)
base
C)
indicator
D)
acid
18.
What is a disadvantage of adding phosphates to detergents?
A)
Phosphates cause a detergent to produce scum in hard water.
B)
Detergents with phosphates cannot clean as thoroughly as those without them do.
C)
Phosphates are corrosive.
D)
Phosphates can cause overgrowth of algae in waterways.
19.
Which of the following acids is NOT edible?
A)
carbonic
B)
lactic
C)
sulfuric
D)
phosphoric
20.
__________ are organic salts.
A)
Polymers
B)
Titrations
C)
Soaps
D)
Esters
What are the important terms in acids bases and salts?
Acid:- An acid is defined as a substance whose water solution tastes sour, turns blue litmus red, and neutralizes bases. Base:- A substance is called base if its aqueous solution tastes bitter, turns red litmus blue, or neutralizes acids. Salt:- Salt is a neutral substance whose aqueous solution does not affect litmus.
What is the vocabulary of pH scale?
The lower the number on the pH scale, the more acid a substance contains. The pH scale goes from 0 to 14, with 0 being the most acidic. The higher, low-acid numbers on the pH scale are basic — they feel slippery and have an astringent taste. Substances at around 7, the middle of the pH scale, are neutral, like water.
How important it is to learn about acids bases and salts?
Acids and bases are important to many chemical processes: maintaining a stable internal environment in the human body, baking a delicious cake, or determining whether a lake can support aquatic life. Reactions involving acids and bases can be described through the transfer of protons – single H+ ions.