"In 1680 Pueblo leaders united most of their communities against the European intruders....In a matter of weeks, the Pueblos had eliminated Spaniards from New Mexico above El Paso. The natives had killed over 400 of the province's 2,500 foreigners, destroyed or sacked every Spanish building, and laid waste to the Spaniards' fields. There could be no mistaking the deep animosity that some natives, men as well as their
influential wives and mothers, held toward their former oppressors.... Some Pueblo leaders...urged an end to all things Spanish as well as Christian. After the fighting subsided, they counselled against speaking Castilian or planting crops introduced by the Europeans." David J. Weber, historian, The Spanish Frontier in North America, 1992 - English colonization patterns in North America differed most from Spanish colonization in that the English Other sets by this creator Recommended textbook solutions
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solutions " That a british and american legislature, for regulating the administration of the general affairs of america, be proposed and established in america, including all the said colonies; within, and under which government, each colony shall retain its present Constitution, and powers of regulating and governing its own internal police, in all cases whatsoever.That the said government be administered by a president
general, to be appointed by the king and a grand council, to be chosen by the representatives of the people of the several colonies, in their respective assemblies, once in every three years." the key concern that Galloway's plan was designed to address was the " That a british and american legislature, for regulating the administration of the general affairs of america, be proposed and established in america, including all the said colonies; within, and
under which government, each colony shall retain its present Constitution, and powers of regulating and governing its own internal police, in all cases whatsoever. That the said government be administered by a president general, to be appointed by the king and a grand council, to be chosen by the representatives of the people of the several colonies, in their respective assemblies, once in every three years." the excerpt most strongly suggests that in 1774 which of the following was
correct? "Be it enacted ... That after the five and twentieth day of March, 1698, no goods or merchandizes whatsoever shall be imported into, or exported out of, any colony or plantation to his Majesty, in Asia, Africa, or America ... in any ship or bottom, but what is or shall be of the built of England, Ireland, or the said colonies or plantations .... and navigated with the masters and three fourths of the mariners of the said places only .. under
pain of forfeiture of ships and goods." - English Parliament, Navigation Act, 1696 one direct long -term effect of the navigation act was that it table: value of selected goods exported to british north america from england (money is in pounds) good, pounds in year- 1699 year-1749 wool textiles 95,200 359,700 linen textiles 11,300 115,600 leather 14,200 12, 100 iron 25,300 110,000 other manufactures 79,500 125,400 cheese and
foodstuffs 2,300 5,400 the table most directly suggests which of the following developments by 1749? table: value of selected goods exported to british north america from england (money is in pounds) good, pounds in year- 1699 year-1749 wool textiles 95,200 359,700 linen textiles 11,300 115,600 leather 14,200 12, 100 iron 25,300 110,000 other manufactures 79,500 125,400 cheese and foodstuffs 2,300 5,400 the trend depicted in
the table most directly contributed to which of the following developments in british north america? table: value of selected goods exported to british north america from england (money is in pounds) good, pounds in year- 1699 year-1749 wool textiles 95,200 359,700 linen textiles 11,300 115,600 leather 14,200 12, 100 iron 25,300 110,000 other manufactures 79,500 125,400 cheese and foodstuffs 2,300 5,400 which of the following
describes a trend in exports from england to british north america between 1699 and 1749 indicated in the table? "The existence of [colonial] subregions leads us to another question: whether the Middle Colonies in fact represented a coherent region at all. . .. In important respects, the Middle Colonies can be divided into separate societies focused around the cities of New York and Philadelphia. Thus the economies of [New York] and northern New
Jersey were tied closely to that of New York City, while those of southern New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and northern Delaware were linked to Philadelphia. Those areas grew at very different rates, and they possessed quite distinct characteristics... "Nonetheless, the Middle Colonies did share a number of things. One was their geography, a combination of climate and topography and setting, which determined some of the ways the land could be put to use, its accessibility to both
intra- regional and international commerce, and its strategIc importance in imperial competition. It was a region organized around extensive inland waterways, which gave merchants an almost unparalleled access to the American interior, building upon trade routes that pre-dated European settlement. "Perhaps the most important argument for the coherence of the mid- Ariantic as a region is the extent to which those colonies shared a common history. "'The most often-noted
characteristic of the region was the diversity of its peoples. The society of the Middle Colonies surely was 'America's first plural society. There were two principal sources of the growing diversity of the European settlements. One was historical: New York, New Jersey and DelaWale were alf conquered colonies, with Dutch, Swedish: Finnish, and many other populations already resident aY the time of English conquest. The other was the consolidation that occurred as the colonies
of six European nations along the Atlantic coast in the early seventeenth century were reduced to two by century's end, those of [Protestant) England and those of Catholic] France. The result was that [diverse] European Protestants heading for the New World were concentrated within English colonies, a situation that virtually mandated, some form of toleration. • Toleration and pluralism, it turns out, were not based solely on enlightened benevolence." which of the following best
describes landsman's argument in the last paragraph of the excerpt? "The existence of [colonial] subregions leads us to another question: whether the Middle Colonies in fact represented a coherent region at all. . .. In important respects, the Middle Colonies can be divided into separate societies focused around the cities of New York and Philadelphia. Thus the economies of [New York] and northern New Jersey were tied closely to that of New York
City, while those of southern New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and northern Delaware were linked to Philadelphia. Those areas grew at very different rates, and they possessed quite distinct characteristics... "Nonetheless, the Middle Colonies did share a number of things. One was their geography, a combination of climate and topography and setting, which determined some of the ways the land could be put to use, its accessibility to both intra- regional and international commerce, and its
strategIc importance in imperial competition. It was a region organized around extensive inland waterways, which gave merchants an almost unparalleled access to the American interior, building upon trade routes that pre-dated European settlement. "Perhaps the most important argument for the coherence of the mid- Ariantic as a region is the extent to which those colonies shared a common history. "'The most often-noted characteristic of the region was the diversity of its
peoples. The society of the Middle Colonies surely was 'America's first plural society. There were two principal sources of the growing diversity of the European settlements. One was historical: New York, New Jersey and DelaWale were alf conquered colonies, with Dutch, Swedish: Finnish, and many other populations already resident aY the time of English conquest. The other was the consolidation that occurred as the colonies of six European nations along the Atlantic coast in the
early seventeenth century were reduced to two by century's end, those of [Protestant) England and those of Catholic] France. The result was that [diverse] European Protestants heading for the New World were concentrated within English colonies, a situation that virtually mandated, some form of toleration. • Toleration and pluralism, it turns out, were not based solely on enlightened benevolence." which of the following describes Landsman's overall argument in the excerpt?
iT said everything to them I could to divert them from their idolatries, and draw them to a knowledge of God our Lord. ¡Mostezuma replied, the others assenting to what ho said, that thev had already informed me they were not the aborigines of the country, but that their ancestors had emigrated to it many years ago; and they fully believed that after so long an absence from their native land, they might have fallen into some errors, that I having more recently
arrived must know better than themselves what they ought to believe; and that if I would instruct them in these matters, and make them understand the true faith, they would follow my directions, as being for the best. Afferwards, Moctezuma and many of the principal citizens remained with me until I had removed the idols, purified the chapels, and placed the images in them, manifesting apparent pleasure." Letter from Hernán Cortés to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain,
on his interaction with the Mexica (Aztecs), 1520 Moctezuma's statement that the Mexica "were not the aborigines of the country" most likely refers to which of the following developments? "The first we heard [while Smith was exploring the James River in May] was that 400 Indians the day before had assaulted the fort and surprised it. .. With all speed we palisaded [built barricades around] our fort,. The day before the ship's departure the
king of [the] Pamunkey sent [anj Indian..... to assure us peace, our fort being then palisadoed round, and all our men in good health and comfort, albeit... it did not so long continue. "[By September] most of our chiefest men [were] either sick or discontented, the rest being in such despair as they would rather starve and rot with idleness than be persuaded to do anything for their own relief without constraint. Our victuals being now within eighteen days spent, and the Indian
trade decreasing, I was sent to the mouth of the river to Kegquouhtan, an Indian town, to trade for corn, and try the river for fish, but our fishing we could not effect by reason of the stormy weather. The Indians, thinking us near famished, with careless kindness offered us little pieces of bread and small handfuls of beans or wheat for a hatchet or a piece of copper. In like manner I entertained their kindness and in like. offered them like commodities, but the children, or any
that showed extraordinary kindness, I liberally contented with free gift of such trifles as well contented them." John Smith, English explorer relating events in the Virginia colony, 1608 0 Ab Smith's account of the hardships experienced in the Virginia colony most directly encouraged which of the following changes in subsequent settlements? "From infancy I was taught to love humanity and liberty. Inquiry and experience have since confired my
reverence for the lessons then given me, by convincing me more fully of their truth and excellence. Benevolence towards mankind excites wishes for their welfare, and such wishes endear the means of fulfiling them. Those can be found in liberty alone, and therefore her sacred cause Ought to be espoused by every man, on every occasion, to the utmost of his power. "These being my sentiments, I am encouraged to offer you, my countrymen, my thoughts on some late transactions, that in
my opinion are of the utmost importance to you. "If the BRITISH PARLIAMENT has a legal authority to order, that we shall furnish a single article for the troops here, and to compel obedience to that order; they have the same right to order us to supply those troops with arms, clothes, and .. to compel obedience to that order also. of raising it? How is this mode more tolerable than the STAMP ACT?" What is this but taxing us at a certain sum, and leaving to us only the
manner John Dickinson, Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania, to the Inhabitants of the British Colonies, 1768 Based on the excerpt, the most likely purpose of Dickinson's letters was to "From infancy I was taught to love humanity and liberty. Inquiry and experience have since confired my reverence for the lessons then given me, by convincing me more fully of their truth and excellence. Benevolence towards mankind excites wishes for their welfare,
and such wishes endear the means of fulfiling them. Those can be found in liberty alone, and therefore her sacred cause Ought to be espoused by every man, on every occasion, to the utmost of his power. "These being my sentiments, I am encouraged to offer you, my countrymen, my thoughts on some late transactions, that in my opinion are of the utmost importance to you. "If the BRITISH PARLIAMENT has a legal authority to order, that we shall furnish a single article for the troops
here, and to compel obedience to that order; they have the same right to order us to supply those troops with arms, clothes, and .. to compel obedience to that order also. of raising it? How is this mode more tolerable than the STAMP ACT?" What is this but taxing us at a certain sum, and leaving to us only the manner John Dickinson, Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania, to the Inhabitants of the British Colonies, 1768 To which of the following was Dickinson responding in his
letters? "In the time of the late war, being desirous to defend, secure, and promote the Rights and Liberties of the people, we spared no pains but freely granted all the aid and assistance of every kind that our civil fathers [political leaders] required of us. "We are sensible also that a great debt is justly brought upon us by the War, and we are as willing to pay our share towards it as we are to enjoy our shares in independency... "But
with the greatest submission we beg leave to inform your Honors that unless something takes place more favorable to the people, in a little time at least one half of our inhabitants in our opinion will become bankrupt. When we compute the taxes laid upon us the five preceding years, the State and County, town, and class taxes, the amount is equal to what our farms will rent for. Sirs in this situation, what have we to live on: No money to be had; our estates daily posted and
sold. Surely your Honors are no strangers to the distresses of the people but do know that many of our good inhabitants are now confined in jail for debt and for taxes. .. Will not the people in the neighboring states say of this state: although the Massachusetts [people] boast of their fine Constitution, their government is such that it devours their inhabitants? If your Honors find anything above mentioned worthy of notice, we earnestly pray that ...[the state
legislature] would point out some way whereby the people might be relieved." Petition from the town of Greenwich to the Massachus setts state legislature, 1786 The concern in the petition about the effect of taxation is best understood in continuity with which of the following earlier developments? "The emancipation of slaves in New England, beginning around 1780, was a gradual process, whether by post nati statute [laws freeing enslaved
people born after a certain date], as in Rhode Island and Connecticut, or by effect, as in Massachusetts and New Hampshire, where ambiguous judicial decisions and constitutional interpretations discouraged slaveholding without clearly outlawing it. The gradual nature of the process encouraged Whites to transfer a language and set of practices shaped in the context of slavery to their relations with a slowly emerging population of free people of color. The rhetoric of antislavery and
revolutionary republicanism fostered this transfer, undergirding Whites' assumptions that emancipated slaves, likely to be dependent and disorderly, would constitute a problem requiring firm management in the new republic. "Even more problematic was the promise implicit in antislavery rhetoric that abolition, by ending "the problem'-the sin of slavery and the troublesome presence of slaves- would result in the eventual absence of people of color themselves. In other words, Whites
anticipated that free people of color, would, by some undefined moment (always imminent), have disappeared." Joanne Pope Melish, historian, Disowning Slavery: Gradual Emancipation and "Race" in New England, 1780-1860, published in 1998 The author claims in the excerpt that antislavery rhetoric in the late eighteenth century was based on "The emancipation of slaves in New England, beginning around 1780, was a gradual process, whether by post nati
statute [laws freeing enslaved people born after a certain date], as in Rhode Island and Connecticut, or by effect, as in Massachusetts and New Hampshire, where ambiguous judicial decisions and constitutional interpretations discouraged slaveholding without clearly outlawing it. The gradual nature of the process encouraged Whites to transfer a language and set of practices shaped in the context of slavery to their relations with a slowly emerging population of free people
of color. The rhetoric of antislavery and revolutionary republicanism fostered this transfer, undergirding Whites' assumptions that emancipated slaves, likely to be dependent and disorderly, would constitute a problem requiring firm management in the new republic. "Even more problematic was the promise implicit in antislavery rhetoric that abolition, by ending "the problem'-the sin of slavery and the troublesome presence of slaves- would result in the eventual absence of people of
color themselves. In other words, Whites anticipated that free people of color, would, by some undefined moment (always imminent), have disappeared." The author makes which of the following arguments in the excerpt about the perceptions Whites maintained regarding emancipated people in the North? "I ordered my company to fire? (George] Washington reported This insiden... led 1o massive French atalsit and the ouibreak of what was 300n a Worla
War. InFIga a poTorin' Ambrica for se years, 1754 60, in Central and inauth America, in the Caribbean and the Atlantic, in india and the fast, and Not least in Europe, where it was knowinwapa, Seven Years War (1756 63). America set the world on fire." ;. Horace Walpole [stated]: 'The volley fired by a young Virginian in the backwoods of Paul Johnson, historian, A History of the American People, 1997 Britain attempted to pay for the debt resulting from the Seven Years' War
(French and Indian War) by "That a British and American legislature, for regulating the administration of the general affairs of America, be proposed and established in America, including all the said colonies; within, and under which government, each colony shall retain its present constitution, and powers of regulating and governing its own internal police, in all cases whatsoever. That the said government be administered by a President General, to
be appointed by the King and a Grand Council, to be chosen by the representatives of the people of the several colonies, in their respective assemblies, once in every three years." Joseph Galloway, "A Plan of a Proposed Union Between Great Britain and the Colonies," proposal debated by the First Continental Congress, 1774 The key concern that Galloway's plan was designed to address was the Question refers to the excerpt below. "(George)
Washingion's pratinde was genuine.. . but the Pact remains ha traditionatets of the association, who han vi iboOked ot as vor, unfeminine enterprise, were ultimately deflected into a traditiobad domestic role. „. ronicaliyand symbolicalIy, the Philade)phia women of 1780, who had tried to establish an unprecedented nationwide femala organization, ended up as what one amused historian has termed 'General Washington's Sewing Circle "Male Revolutionary leaders too regarded women's
efforts with wry condescension .. The women, on the other hand, could reflect prondly that whilst our friends were exposed to the hardships and dangers of the fields of war for out protection, we were exerting at home our little labours to administer to their comfort and alleviate their toil » Mary Beth Norton, historian, "The Philadelphia Ladies Association,; " American Heritage, 1980 During and immediately after the Revolutionary era, which of the following resulted most
directly from the efforts of women such as those described in the excerpt? "For the increase of shipping. from thenceforward, no goods or commodities whatsoever shall be imported into or exported out of any lands, islands, plantations, or territories to his Majesty belonging... but in ships or vessels as do.. belong only to the people of England... and whereof the master and three-fourths of the mariners at least are English. "And it is further
enacted..... that... no sugars, tobacco, cottonwool, indigos, ginger, fustic, or other dyeing wood, of the growth, production, or manufacture of any English plantations in America, Asia, or Africa, shall be... transported from any of the said English plantations [colonies] to any land.... Other than to such other English plantations as do belong to his Majesty." English Parliament, Navigation Act of 1660 In the 1760s many English colonists in North America reacted to imperial
governance by Question refers to the excerpt below. "What induced [American] Indians to go out of their way to trap beaver and trade the skins for glass beads, mirrors, copper kettles, and other goods?.. Recent scholarship on [American] Indians' motives in this earliest stage of the trade indicates that they regarded such objects as the equivalents of the quartz, mica, shell, and other sacred substances that had formed the heart of long-distance
exchange in North America for millennia...... While northeastern [American] Indians recognized Europeans as different from themselves, they interacted with them and their materials in ways that were consistent with their own customs and beliefs." Neal Salisbury, historian, "The Indians' Old World: Native Americans and the Coming of Europeans," 1996 A direct result of European exploration of North America during the 1500s and early 1600s was the Question
refers to the excerpt below. "What induced [American] Indians to go out of their way to trap beaver and trade the skins for glass beads, mirrors, copper kettles, and other goods?.. Recent scholarship on [American] Indians' motives in this earliest stage of the trade indicates that they regarded such objects as the equivalents of the quartz, mica, shell, and other sacred substances that had formed the heart of long-distance exchange in North America for millennia...... While
northeastern [American] Indians recognized Europeans as different from themselves, they interacted with them and their materials in ways that were consistent with their own customs and beliefs." Neal Salisbury, historian, "The Indians' Old World: Native Americans and the Coming of Europeans," 1996 Which of the following types of evidence would best support the argument in the excerpt? "Slavery, though imposed and maintained by violence, was a
negotiated relationship... First, even as they confronted one amother, master and slave had to concede, however grudgingly, a degree of legitimacy to the other... [T]he web of interconnections between master and slave necessitated a coexistence that fostered cooperation as well as contestation. Second, because the circumstances of such contestation and cooperation continually changed, slavery itself continually changed... Slavery was never made, but instead was continually remade,
for power--no matter how great was never absolute, but always contingent." Ira Berlin, historian, Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America, 1998 Which of the following contributed most to the increasing use of African slave labor in North America during the 1600s and 1700s? "The first we heard [while Smith was exploring the James River in May] was that 400 Indians the day before had assaulted the fort and
surprised it. With all speed we palisaded [built barricades around] our fort;..... The day before the ship's departure the king of [the] Pamunkey sent [an] Indian... to assure us peace, our fort being then palisadoed round, and all our men in good health and comfort, albeit..... it did not so long continue. "[By September] most of our chiefest men [were] either sick or discontented, the rest being in such despair as they would rather starve and rot with idleness than be persuaded to
do anything for their own relief without constraint. Our victuals being now within eighteen days spent, and the Indian trade decreasing, I was sent to the mouth of the river to Kegquouhtan, an Indian town, to trade for corn, and try the river for fish, but our fishing we could not effect by reason of the stormy weather. The Indians, thinking us near famished, with careless kindness offered us little pieces of bread and small handfuls of beans or wheat for a hatchet or a piece of
copper. In like manner I entertained their kindness and in like.. offered them like commodities, but the children, or any that showed extraordinary kindness, I liberally contented with free gift of such trifles as well contented them." John Smith, English explorer relating events in the Virginia colony, 1608 Smith's description of the Pamunkey people's interactions with the Virginia colonists best serves as evidence of which of the following characteristics of American Indians
along the Eastern Seaboard in the 1600s? "The first we heard [while Smith was exploring the James River in May] was that 400 Indians the day before had assaulted the fort and surprised it. With all speed we palisaded [built barricades around] our fort;..... The day before the ship's departure the king of [the] Pamunkey sent [an] Indian... to assure us peace, our fort being then palisadoed round, and all our men in good health and comfort, albeit.....
it did not so long continue. "[By September] most of our chiefest men [were] either sick or discontented, the rest being in such despair as they would rather starve and rot with idleness than be persuaded to do anything for their own relief without constraint. Our victuals being now within eighteen days spent, and the Indian trade decreasing, I was sent to the mouth of the river to Kegquouhtan, an Indian town, to trade for corn, and try the river for fish, but our fishing we could
not effect by reason of the stormy weather. The Indians, thinking us near famished, with careless kindness offered us little pieces of bread and small handfuls of beans or wheat for a hatchet or a piece of copper. In like manner I entertained their kindness and in like.. offered them like commodities, but the children, or any that showed extraordinary kindness, I liberally contented with free gift of such trifles as well contented them." John Smith, English explorer relating
events in the Virginia colony, 1608 The Virginia colonists' interactions with American Indians, as described in the excerpt, most directly contributed to which of the following? "We... the loyal subjects of our dread sovereign lord, King James, ... having undertaken for the glory of God, and adyancement of the Christian faith, and honor of our king and country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia, do by these
presents solernly and mutually in the presence of God and one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic.... and by virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet [proper] and convenient for the general good of the colony unto which we promise all due submission and obedience." The Mayflower Compact, the first governing document of
the Plymouth colony, 1620 Participation in the "civil body politic" referenced in the excerpt would have been most available to which of the following? "We... the loyal subjects of our dread sovereign lord, King James, ... having undertaken for the glory of God, and adyancement of the Christian faith, and honor of our king and country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia, do by these presents solernly and mutually
in the presence of God and one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic.... and by virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet [proper] and convenient for the general good of the colony unto which we promise all due submission and obedience." The Mayflower Compact, the first governing document of the Plymouth colony, 1620 The
ideas introduced in the excerpt most directly contributed to which of the following patterns among the British North American colonies? "We... the loyal subjects of our dread sovereign lord, King James, ... having undertaken for the glory of God, and adyancement of the Christian faith, and honor of our king and country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia, do by these presents solernly and mutually in the presence of
God and one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic.... and by virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet [proper] and convenient for the general good of the colony unto which we promise all due submission and obedience." The Mayflower Compact, the first governing document of the Plymouth colony, 1620 Which of the following
best describes the primary purpose of the document from which the excerpt was taken? "For the increase of shipping. from thenceforward, no goods or commodities whatsoever shall be imported into or exported out of any lands, islands, plantations, or territories to his Majesty belonging. but in ships or vessels as d... belong only to the people of England..... and whereof the master and three-fourths of the mariners at least are English. "And it is
further enacted... that.. no sugars, tobacco, cottonwool, indigos, ginger, fustic, or other dyeing wood, of the 8TOwth, production, or manufacture of any English plantations in America, Asia, or Africa, shall be. transported from any of the said English plantations [colonies] to any land... other than to such other English plantations as do belong to his Majesty." English Parliament, Navigation Act of 1660 Which of the following most likely motivated Parliament to pass the law in
the excerpt? "Be it enacted .... That after the five and twentieth day of March, 1698, no goods or merchandizes whatsoever shall be imported into, or exported out of, any colony or plantation to his Majesty, in Asia, Africa, or America... in any ship or bottom, but what is or shall be of the built of England, Ireland, or the said colonies or plantations and navigated with the masters and three fourths of the mariners of the said places only ...
under pain of forfeiture of ships and goods." English Parliament, Navigation Act, 1696 The excerpt most directly reflects which of the following goals for England's North American colonies» coherent region at all. "The existence of [colonial) subregions leads us to another question: whether the Middle Colonies in fact represented a .. In important respects, the Middle Colonies can be divided into separate societies focused around the cities of
New York and Philadelphia. Thus the economies of New YUk] and northern New Jersey were tied closely to that of New York City, while those of southern New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and norther Delaware were linked to Philadelphia. Those areas grew at very different rates, and they possessed quite distinct characteristics. "Nonetheless, the Middle Colonies did share a number of things. One was their geography, a combination of climate and topography and setting, which determined some of
the ways the land could be put to use, its accessibility to both intra- regional and international commerce, and its strategic importance in imperial competition. It was a repion organized around extensive inland waterways, which gave merchants an almost unparalleled access to the American interior, building upon trade routes that predated European settlement. "Perhaps the most important argument for the coherence of the mid-Atlantic as a region is the extent to which
those colonies shared a common history. "The most often-noted characteristic of the repion was the diversity of its peoples The society of the Middle Colonies surely was 'America's first plural society.' . There were two principal sources of the growing diversity of the European settlements. One was historical: New York, New Jersey, and Delaware were all conquered colonies, with Dutch, Swedish, Finnish, and many other populations already resident at the time of English
conquest. The other was the consolidation that occurred as the colonies of six European nations along the Atlantic coast in the early seventeenth century were reduced to two by century's end, those of (Protestant] England and those of (Catholic] France. The result was that [diverse] European Protestants heading for the New World were concentrated within English colonies, a situation that virtually mandated some form of toleration. Toleration and pluralism, it turns out, were not
based solely on enlightened benevolence." Ned C. Landsman, historian, Crossroads of Empire: The Middle Colonies in British North America, published in 2010 Landsman claims that some historians might not consider the Middle Colonies a single British colonial region because the Middle Colonies "The creation of a home market is not only necessary to procure for our agriculture a just reward of its labors, but it is indispensable to obtain a supply of
our necessary wants. .. Suppose no actual abandonment of farming, but, what is most likely, a gradual and imperceptible employment of population in the business of manufacturing, instead of being compelled to resort to agriculture. ... Is any part of our common country likely to be injured by a transfer of the theatre of [manufacturing] for our own consumption from Europe to America? • Suppose it were even true that Great Britain had abolished all restrictions upon trade, and
allowed the freest introduction of the [products] of foreign labor, would that prove it unwise for us to adopt the protecting system? The object of protection is the establishment and perfection of the (manufacturing] arts. In England it, has accomplished its purpose, fulfilled its end.... The adoption of the restrictive system, on the part of the United States, by excluding the [products] of foreign labor, would extend the [purchasing] of American [products], unable, in the infancy
and unprotected state of the arts, to sustain a competition with foreign fabrics. Let our arts breathe under the shade of protection; let them be perfected as they are in England, and [then] we shall be ready. to put aside protection, and enter upon the freest exchanges." Henry Clay, speaker of the House of Representatives, speech in Congress, 1824 the excerpt could best be used by historians studying which of the following in the early 1800s? "The
creation of a home market is not only necessary to procure for our agriculture a just reward of its labors, but it is indispensable to obtain a supply of our necessary wants. .. Suppose no actual abandonment of farming, but, what is most likely, a gradual and imperceptible employment of population in the business of manufacturing, instead of being compelled to resort to agriculture. ... Is any part of our common country likely to be injured by a transfer of the theatre
of [manufacturing] for our own consumption from Europe to America? • Suppose it were even true that Great Britain had abolished all restrictions upon trade, and allowed the freest introduction of the [products] of foreign labor, would that prove it unwise for us to adopt the protecting system? The object of protection is the establishment and perfection of the (manufacturing] arts. In England it, has accomplished its purpose, fulfilled its end.... The adoption of the restrictive
system, on the part of the United States, by excluding the [products] of foreign labor, would extend the [purchasing] of American [products], unable, in the infancy and unprotected state of the arts, to sustain a competition with foreign fabrics. Let our arts breathe under the shade of protection; let them be perfected as they are in England, and [then] we shall be ready. to put aside protection, and enter upon the freest exchanges." Henry Clay, speaker of the House of
Representatives, speech in Congress, 1824 Which of the following was an interpretation of the speech by opponents of the goals Clay expressed in the excerpt? "The creation of a home market is not only necessary to procure for our agriculture a just reward of its labors, but it is indispensable to obtain a supply of our necessary wants. .. Suppose no actual abandonment of farming, but, what is most likely, a gradual and imperceptible employment of
population in the business of manufacturing, instead of being compelled to resort to agriculture. ... Is any part of our common country likely to be injured by a transfer of the theatre of [manufacturing] for our own consumption from Europe to America? • Suppose it were even true that Great Britain had abolished all restrictions upon trade, and allowed the freest introduction of the [products] of foreign labor, would that prove it unwise for us to adopt the protecting system?
The object of protection is the establishment and perfection of the (manufacturing] arts. In England it, has accomplished its purpose, fulfilled its end.... The adoption of the restrictive system, on the part of the United States, by excluding the [products] of foreign labor, would extend the [purchasing] of American [products], unable, in the infancy and unprotected state of the arts, to sustain a competition with foreign fabrics. Let our arts breathe under the shade of protection;
let them be perfected as they are in England, and [then] we shall be ready. to put aside protection, and enter upon the freest exchanges." Henry Clay, speaker of the House of Representatives, speech in Congress, 1824 Which of the following describes an interpretation of Clay's economic principles at the time as expressed in the excerpt? "To the Commanders of armed vessels belonging to the United States: "WHEREAS it is declared by the act
entitled An act for the protection of the commerce and seamen of the United States, asainst the Tripolitan cruisers,' That it shall be lawful fully to equip, officer, man, and employ such of the armed vessels of the United States, as may be judged reguisite by the Président of the United States, for protecting effectually the commerce and seamen thereof; on the Atlantic ocean, the Mediterranean and adjoining seas; and also, that it shall be lawful for the President of the United
States to instruét the commanders of the respective public vessels, to subdue, seize, and make prize, of all vessels, goods, and effects, belonging to the Bey (Suitan] of Tripoli (in North Africa], or to his subjects. "THEREFORE, And in pursuance of the said statute, you are hereby authorized and directed to subdue, seize, and make prize, of all vessels, goods, and effects, belonging to the Bey of Tripoli, or to his subjects, and to bring or send the same into port, to be
proceeded against and distributed according to law. "By command of the President of the United States of America." Thomas Jefferson, 1802 The rhetorical purpose expressed in the excerpt would most likely have been interpreted as promoting which of the following? "To the Commanders of armed vessels belonging to the United States: "WHEREAS it is declared by the act entitled An act for the protection of the commerce and seamen of the United
States, asainst the Tripolitan cruisers,' That it shall be lawful fully to equip, officer, man, and employ such of the armed vessels of the United States, as may be judged reguisite by the Président of the United States, for protecting effectually the commerce and seamen thereof; on the Atlantic ocean, the Mediterranean and adjoining seas; and also, that it shall be lawful for the President of the United States to instruét the commanders of the respective public vessels, to subdue,
seize, and make prize, of all vessels, goods, and effects, belonging to the Bey (Suitan] of Tripoli (in North Africa], or to his subjects. "THEREFORE, And in pursuance of the said statute, you are hereby authorized and directed to subdue, seize, and make prize, of all vessels, goods, and effects, belonging to the Bey of Tripoli, or to his subjects, and to bring or send the same into port, to be proceeded against and distributed according to law. "By command of the President of
the United States of America." Thomas Jefferson, 1802 The excerpt could best be used by historians studying which of the following? "To the Commanders of armed vessels belonging to the United States: "WHEREAS it is declared by the act entitled An act for the protection of the commerce and seamen of the United States, asainst the Tripolitan cruisers,' That it shall be lawful fully to equip, officer, man, and employ such of the armed vessels of
the United States, as may be judged reguisite by the Président of the United States, for protecting effectually the commerce and seamen thereof; on the Atlantic ocean, the Mediterranean and adjoining seas; and also, that it shall be lawful for the President of the United States to instruét the commanders of the respective public vessels, to subdue, seize, and make prize, of all vessels, goods, and effects, belonging to the Bey (Suitan] of Tripoli (in North Africa], or to
his subjects. "THEREFORE, And in pursuance of the said statute, you are hereby authorized and directed to subdue, seize, and make prize, of all vessels, goods, and effects, belonging to the Bey of Tripoli, or to his subjects, and to bring or send the same into port, to be proceeded against and distributed according to law. "By command of the President of the United States of America." Thomas Jefferson, 1802 President Jefferson sought the protections described in the excerpt
most likely for the purpose of "As [political leader Henry | Clay envisioned it fin the 18205], the American System constituted the.. basis for social improvement... Through sale of its enormous land holdings, the federal government could well afford to subsidize internal improvements, By levying protective tarifls;, the goyernment should foster the development of American manufacturing and agricultural enterprises that, in their infancy, might not
be able to withstand foreign competition. The Promotion of industry would create a home market for agricultural commodities, just as farms provided a market for manufactured products." Daniel Walker Howe, historian, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848, published in 2007 One major change in United States politics from the 1820s to the mid-1850s was the "As its preamble promised, the Constitution would 'ensure domestic
tranquility' by allowing the federal government to field an army powerful enough to suppress rebellions like those that had flared up in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and other states. Even more important, the Constitution would 'establish justice' by preventing the state assemblies from adopting relief measures that screened their citizens from either their Continental taxes or their private debts, Excoriating [harshly criticizing] the legislatures for collecting too little money
from taxpayers, the bondholders and their sympathizers noted with approval that the Constitution would take the business of collecting federal taxes away from the states and place it firmly in the hands of a powerful new national government." Woody Holton, historian, "'From the Labours of Others': The War Bonds Controversy and the Origins of the Constitution in New England," William and Mary Quarterly, 2004 Which of the following historical events in the 1790s most directly
followed from the developments described in the excerpt? "A bank of the United States is in many respects convenient for the Government and useful to the people, Entertaining this opinion, and deeply impressed with the belief that some of the powers and privileges possessed by the existing bank are unauthorized by the Constitution, subversive of the rights of the States, and dangerous to the liberties of the people, I felt it my duty at an
early period of my Administration to call the attention of Congress to the practicability of organizing Do institution combining all its advantages and obviating [removing] these objections. I sincerely regret that in the act before me I can perceive none of those modifications of the bank charter which are necessary, in my opinion, to make it compatible with justice, with sound policy, or with the Constitution of our country. "Experience should teach us wisdom. Most of the
difficulties our Government now encounters and most of the dangers which impend over our Union have sprung from an abandonment of the legitimate objects of Government by our national legislation. Many of our rich men have not been content with equal protection and equal benefits, but have besought us to make them richer by act of Congress. By attempting to gratify their desires we have in the results of our legislation arTayed section against section, interest against interest, and
man against man, in a fearful commotion which threatens to shake the foundations of our Union." President Andrew Jackson, Veto Message Regarding the Bank of the United States, 1832 The excerpt best reflects which of the foowing developments during the firgt half of the nineteenth century? "I have heard it asserted by some, that as America hath flourished under her former connection with Great Britain, that the same connection is necessary towards
her future happiness, and will always have the same effect. Nothing can be more fallacious [untrue] than this kind of argument. We may as well assert that because a child has thrived upon milk, that it is never to have meat, or that the first twenty years of our lives is to become a precedent for the next twenty. But even this is admitting more than is true, for I answer roundly, that America would have flourished as much, and probably much more, had no European power had any thing
to do with her. "But Britain is the parent country, say some. Then the more shame upon her conduct. Even brutes do not devour their young, nor savages make war upon their families. .. Europe, and not England, is the parent country of America. This new world hath been the asylum for the persecuted lovers of civil and religious liberty from every part of Europe. Hither have they fled, not from the tender embraces of the mother, but from the cruelty of the monster; and it is so far
true of England, that the same tyranny which drove the first emigrants from home, pursues their descendants still." Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776 Paine's argument best provides evidence for which of the following developments resulting from the American Revolution? "We, therefore, the people of the State of South Carolina, in convention assembled, do declare and ordain.. that the several acts and parts of acts of the Congress of the United
States, purporting to be laws for the imposing of duties and imposts on the importation of foreign commodities, are unauthorized by the Constitution of the United States, and violate the true meaning and intent thereof and are null, void, and no law, nor binding upon this State... South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification, 1832 The excerpt most directly expresses an economic perspective that Sound, sound the trump of fame, Let [George]
Washington's great name Ring round the world with loud applause, Ring round the world with loud applause, Let every clime to freedom dear, Listen with a joyful ear, With equal skill, with godlike power, He governs in the fearful hour Of horrid war, or guides with ease, The happier times of honest peace. Firm, united let us be, Rallying round our Liberty, As a band of brothers join'd, Peace and safety we shall find Hail Columbia, popular song, 1798 Which
of the following best explains the depiction of George Washington in the third verse of the song? His Catholic Majesty [of Spain] and the United States of America desiring to consolidate on a permanent basis the Friendship and good correspondence which happilv prevails between the two Parties, have determined to establish by a convention several points. "Article IV It is likewise agreed that the Western boundary of the United States which
separates them from the Spanish Colony of Louisiana, is in the middle of the channel or bed of the River Mississippi and his Catholic Majesty has likewise agreed that the navigation of the said River in its whole breadth from its source to the Ocean shall be free only to his Subjects, and the Citizens of the United States, unless he should extend this privilege to the Subjects of other Powers by special convention. "Article XXI "The two high contracting Parties hoping that the
good correspondence and friendship which happily reigns between them will be further increased by this Treaty, and that it will contribute to augment their prosperity and opulence, will in future sive to their mutual commerce all the extension and favor which the advantage of both Countries may require;. his Catholic Majesty will permit the Citizens of the United States for the space of three years from this time to deposit their merchandise and effects in the Port of New
Orleans. Treaty of Friendship, Limits, and Navigation Between Spain and the United Stales, known as Pinckney's Treaty or the Treaty of San Lorenzo, 1795 The agreements made in the excerpt best reflect which of the following concerns in the United States during this period? His Catholic Majesty [of Spain] and the United States of America desiring to consolidate on a permanent basis the Friendship and good correspondence which happilv prevails
between the two Parties, have determined to establish by a convention several points. "Article IV It is likewise agreed that the Western boundary of the United States which separates them from the Spanish Colony of Louisiana, is in the middle of the channel or bed of the River Mississippi and his Catholic Majesty has likewise agreed that the navigation of the said River in its whole breadth from its source to the Ocean shall be free only to his Subjects, and the Citizens of the
United States, unless he should extend this privilege to the Subjects of other Powers by special convention. "Article XXI "The two high contracting Parties hoping that the good correspondence and friendship which happily reigns between them will be further increased by this Treaty, and that it will contribute to augment their prosperity and opulence, will in future sive to their mutual commerce all the extension and favor which the advantage of both Countries may require;.
his Catholic Majesty will permit the Citizens of the United States for the space of three years from this time to deposit their merchandise and effects in the Port of New Orleans. Treaty of Friendship, Limits, and Navigation Between Spain and the United Stales, known as Pinckney's Treaty or the Treaty of San Lorenzo, 1795Which of the following was a primary reason that the United States and Spain agreed to the articles outlined in the excerpt? His
Catholic Majesty [of Spain] and the United States of America desiring to consolidate on a permanent basis the Friendship and good correspondence which happilv prevails between the two Parties, have determined to establish by a convention several points. "Article IV It is likewise agreed that the Western boundary of the United States which separates them from the Spanish Colony of Louisiana, is in the middle of the channel or bed of the River Mississippi and his Catholic Majesty
has likewise agreed that the navigation of the said River in its whole breadth from its source to the Ocean shall be free only to his Subjects, and the Citizens of the United States, unless he should extend this privilege to the Subjects of other Powers by special convention. "Article XXI "The two high contracting Parties hoping that the good correspondence and friendship which happily reigns between them will be further increased by this Treaty, and that it will contribute to
augment their prosperity and opulence, will in future sive to their mutual commerce all the extension and favor which the advantage of both Countries may require;. his Catholic Majesty will permit the Citizens of the United States for the space of three years from this time to deposit their merchandise and effects in the Port of New Orleans. Treaty of Friendship, Limits, and Navigation Between Spain and the United Stales, known as Pinckney's Treaty or the Treaty of San Lorenzo,
1795 Which of the following groups would have most likely supported the agreements made in the excerpt? "The great increase of drunkenness, within the last half century, among the people of the United States, led a number of philanthropic individuals.. to consult together, upon the duty of making more united, systematic, and extended efforts for the prevention of this evil. Its cause was at once seen to be, the use of intoxicating liquor; and its
appropriate remedy, abstinence. It was also known, that the use of such liquor, as a beverage, is not only needless, but injurious to the health, the virtue, and the happiness of men. It was believed, that the facts which had been ellected would prove this and that if the knowledge of them were universally disseminated it would, with the divine blessing, do much toward changing the habits of the nation. [The American Temperance Society's] object is. the exertion of kind
moral influence... to effect such a change of sentiment and practice, that drunkenness and all its evils will cease." Introduction to a book of reports from the American Temperance Society, 1835 The sentiments described in the excerpt best reflect which of the following developments? Friendship and good confespondente which happily prevails between the two Parties, have determined to establiahp, convention several points. "Article IV It is
likewise agreed that the Westem boundary of the United States which separates them from the Spanish Colony of Louisiana, is in the middle of the channel or bed of the River Mississippi and his Catholic Majesty has likewise agreed that the navigation of the said River in its whole breadth from its source to the Ocean shall be free only to his Subjects, and the Citizens of the United States, unless he should extend this privilege to the Subjects of other Powers by special
convention. *Article XXII "The two high contracting Parties hoping that the good correspondence and friendship which happily reigns between them will be further increased by this Treaty, and that it will contribute to augment their prosperity and opulence, will in future give to their mutual commerce all the extension and favor which the advantage of both Countries may require; his Catholic Majesty will permit the Citizens of the United States for the space of three years from
this time to deposit their merchandise and effects in the Port of New Orleans. Treaty of Friendship, Limits, and Navigation Between Spain and the United States, known as Pinckney's Treaty or the Treaty of San Lorenzo, 1795 Which of the following was a primary reason that the United States and Spain agreed to the articles outlined in the excerpt? "His Catholic Majesty (of Spain) and the United States of America desiring to consolidate on a
permanent basis the Friendship and good confespondente which happily prevails between the two Parties, have determined to establiahp, convention several points. "Article IV It is likewise agreed that the Westem boundary of the United States which separates them from the Spanish Colony of Louisiana, is in the middle of the channel or bed of the River Mississippi and his Catholic Majesty has likewise agreed that the navigation of the said River in its whole breadth from its
source to the Ocean shall be free only to his Subjects, and the Citizens of the United States, unless he should extend this privilege to the Subjects of other Powers by special convention. *Article XXII "The two high contracting Parties hoping that the good correspondence and friendship which happily reigns between them will be further increased by this Treaty, and that it will contribute to augment their prosperity and opulence, will in future give to their mutual commerce all
the extension and favor which the advantage of both Countries may require; his Catholic Majesty will permit the Citizens of the United States for the space of three years from this time to deposit their merchandise and effects in the Port of New Orleans. Treaty of Friendship, Limits, and Navigation Between Spain and the United States, known as Pinckney's Treaty or the Treaty of San Lorenzo, 1795 The agreements made in the excerpt best reflect which of the following concerns in the
United States during this period? "The emancipation of slaves in New England, beginning around 1780, was a gradual process, whether by post nati statute [laws freeing enslaved people born after a certain date], as in Rhode Island and Connecticut, or by effect, as in Massachusetts and New Hampshire, where ambiguous judicial decisions and constitutional interpretations discouraged slaveholding without clearly outlawing it. The gradual nature of the
process encouraged Whites to transfer a language and set of practices shaped in the context of slavery to their relations with a slowly emerging population of free people of color. The rhetoric of antislavery and revolutionary republicanism fostered this transfer, undergirding Whites assumptions that emancipated slaves, likely to be dependent and disorderly, would constitute a problem requiring firm management in the new republic. "Even more problematic was the promise implicit in
antislavery rhetoric that abolition, by ending the problem'- the sin of slavery and the troublesome presence of slaves would result in the eventual absence of people of color themselves. In other words, Whites anticipated that free people of color, would, by some undefined moment (always imminent), have disappeared." Joanne Pope Melish, historian, Disowning Slavery: Gradual Emancipation and "Race" in New England, 1780-1860, published in 1998 The author argues that emancipation in
northern states occurred Sets with similar terms
Why did the English colonists wanted to come to North America?
Colonists came to America because they wanted political liberty. They wanted religious freedom and economic opportunity. The United States is a country where individual rights and self-government are important.
What were the reasons for the colonization of North America by the British quizlet?
What were Britain's reasons for establishing colonies in North America? God, Gold, Glory. Some people wanted religious freedom and to spread their religion, Some came looking for fortune, and others wanted recognition and glory.
Which of the following best describes the role of Britain's more northern colonies?
Which of the following best describes the role of Britain's more northern colonies in the global trade as illustrated in the map above? They had an export economy based on food products and raw materials.
Which of the following best describes Landmans argument in the last paragraph of the excerpt?
hich of the following best describes Landsman's argument in the last paragraph of the excerpt? Toleration of religious diversity in the Middle Colonies was made a necessity because of patterns of migration.
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