What does byte mean in python?

Question

In this tutorial, we will learn about the Python bytes() method with the help of examples.

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bytes() Syntax
bytes() Parameters
bytes() Return Value
Example 1: Convert string to bytes
Example 2: Create a byte of given integer size
Example 3: Convert iterable list to bytes
Python bytes() example
Example 1: Convert string to bytes
Example 2: Array of bytes from an integer
Example 3: Null parameters with bytes()
Example 4: Demonstrating byte() on integers, none and iterables
Behavior of Bytes with Strings
Example: Demonstration of bytes() using string
What is a byte in Python?
What is a byte in a string?
How big is a byte in Python?
How do you write bytes in Python?

The bytes() method returns an immutable bytes object initialized with the given size and data.

Example

message = 'Python is fun'

# convert string to bytes
byte_message = bytes(message, 'utf-8')
print(byte_message)

# Output: b'Python is fun'

bytes() Syntax

The syntax of bytes() method is:

bytes([source[, encoding[, errors]]])

bytes() method returns a bytes object which is an immutable (cannot be modified) sequence of integers in the range 0 <=x < 256.

If you want to use the mutable version, use the bytearray() method.

bytes() Parameters

bytes() takes three optional parameters:

source (Optional) - source to initialize the array of bytes.
encoding (Optional) - if the source is a string, the encoding of the string.
errors (Optional) - if the source is a string, the action to take when the encoding conversion fails (Read more: String encoding)

The source parameter can be used to initialize the byte array in the following ways:

Type	Description
String	Converts the string to bytes using str.encode() Must also provide encoding and optionally errors
Integer	Creates an array of provided size, all initialized to null
Object	A read-only buffer of the object will be used to initialize the byte array
Iterable	Creates an array of size equal to the iterable count and initialized to the iterable elements Must be iterable of integers between `0 <= x < 256`
No source (arguments)	Creates an array of size 0

bytes() Return Value

The bytes() method returns a bytes object of the given size and initialization values.

Example 1: Convert string to bytes

string = "Python is interesting."

# string with encoding 'utf-8'
arr = bytes(string, 'utf-8')

print(arr)

Output

b'Python is interesting.'

Example 2: Create a byte of given integer size

size = 5

arr = bytes(size)
print(arr)

Output

b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'

Example 3: Convert iterable list to bytes

rList = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

arr = bytes(rList)
print(arr)

Output

b'\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05'

Python byte() function converts an object to an immutable byte-represented object of given size and data.

Syntax : bytes(src, enc, err)
Parameters :
src : The source object which has to be converted
enc : The encoding required in case object is a string
err : Way to handle error in case the string conversion fails.
Returns : Byte immutable object consisting of unicode 0-256 characters according to src type.
integer : Returns array of size initialized to null
iterable : Returns array of iterable size with elements equal to iterable elements( 0-256 )
string : Returns the encoded string acc. to enc and if encoding fails, performs action according to err specified.
no arguments : Returns array of size 0.

Python bytes() example

Example 1: Convert string to bytes

In this example, we are going to convert string to bytes using the Python bytes() function, for this we take a variable with string and pass it into the bytes() function with UTF-8 parameters. UTF-8 is capable of encoding all 1,112,064 valid character code points in Unicode using one to four one-byte code units

Python3

str = "Welcome to Geeksforgeeks"

arr = bytes(str, 'utf-8')

print(arr)

Output:

b'Welcome to Geeksforgeeks'

Example 2: Array of bytes from an integer

In this example, we are going to see how to get an array of bytes from an integer using the Python bytes() function, for this we will pass the integer into the bytes() function.

Python3

number = 12

result = bytes(number)

print(result)

Output:

b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'

Example 3: Null parameters with bytes()

When we pass nothing in bytes() function then it creates an array of size 0.

Python3

Output:

b''

Example 4: Demonstrating byte() on integers, none and iterables

Python3

a = 4

lis1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

print ("Byte conversion with no arguments : " + str(bytes()))

print ("The integer conversion results in : " + str(bytes(a)))

print ("The iterable conversion results in : " + str(bytes(lis1)))

Output:

Byte conversion with no arguments : b''
The integer conversion results in : b'\x00\x00\x00\x00'
The iterable conversion results in : b'\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05'

Behavior of Bytes with Strings

Bytes accept a string as an argument and require an encoding scheme with it to perform it. The most important aspect of this is handling errors in case of encoding failure, some of the error handling schemes defined are :

String Error Handlers :
strict : Raises the default UnicodeDecodeError in case of encode failure.
ignore : Ignores the unencodable character and encodes the remaining string.
replace : Replaces the unencodable character with a ‘?’.

Example: Demonstration of bytes() using string

Python3

str1 = 'GeeksfÖrGeeks'

print("Byte conversion with ignore error : " +

str(bytes(str1, 'ascii', errors='ignore')))

print("Byte conversion with replace error : " +

str(bytes(str1, 'ascii', errors='replace')))

print("Byte conversion with strict error : " +

str(bytes(str1, 'ascii', errors='strict')))

Output:

Byte conversion with ignore error : b'GeeksfrGeeks'
Byte conversion with replace error : b'Geeksf?rGeeks'

Exception :

UnicodeEncodeError: ‘ascii’ codec can’t encode character ‘\xd6’ in position 6: ordinal not in range(128)

What is a byte in Python?

Python bytes() We utilize the Python bytes() method to manipulate binary data in the program. The byte is a digital information unit that typically consists of 8 bits each of which consists of a 0 or 1. A byte is a computer architecture term for memory storage that encodes a single character of text in a computer.

What is a byte in a string?

A byte string is a fixed-length array of bytes. A byte is an exact integer between 0 and 255 inclusive. A byte string can be mutable or immutable.

How big is a byte in Python?

One byte is a memory location with a size of 8 bits. A bytes object is an immutable sequence of bytes, conceptually similar to a string. of a bytes object is an unsigned int that satisfies 0 b 1111 _ 1111 >= x >= 0.

How do you write bytes in Python?

Write Bytes to File in Python Example 1: Open a file in binary write mode and then specify the contents to write in the form of bytes. Next, use the write function to write the byte contents to a binary file.

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