A eukaryotic cell has only three organelles that have a double-layered structure, namely, nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplast., Here, we will discuss the two organelles of eukaryotic cells , mitochondria and chloroplasts, and their differences. Mitochondria and chloroplast are semiautonomous organelles that share various structural similarities but the major difference is their occurrence. Mitochondria are found in eukaryotic animal cells, whereas chloroplasts are found in plant cells. Show
Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles found in almost all eukaryotic organisms. Their primary function is to generate energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It is commonly called a powerhouse of the cell. Additionally, they are able to generate heat, store calcium for cell signalling activities, cellular differentiation, mediate the cell cycle, and promote cell growth. Each human cell contains on average 100-1000 mitochondria. Almost all the genetic material is stored in every cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria have their own DNA and ribosomes. In most organisms, the Mitochondrial DNA is inherited maternally. The number of mitochondria varies in different organisms, tissues, and cell types. Usually, there are multiple mitochondria found in one cell depending on its function. Structure of Mitochondria Mitochondria have a double-layered membrane. They are rod-shaped or sausage-shaped organelles measuring 0.5-10μm in length. In a typical cell, they occupy almost 25% of the cell volume. Earlier mitochondria were represented as individual isolated organelles, now they form a dynamic connected network also called a reticulum. It has four main compartments mentioned below.
(Image will be uploaded soon) Functions of MitochondriaMitochondria are essential for aerobic metabolism. They are responsible for energy production through oxidative phosphorylation. Almost 90% of the cell’s energy is produced by them. They convert nutrients into Adenosine TriPhosphate (ATP) in the presence of oxygen (aerobic respiration). They maintain, replicate, and transcribe their own DNA. They are also involved in the synthesis of iron-sulfur clusters. Chloroplast is an organelle found in plants and green algae. It is a type of plastid that contains chlorophyll to absorb solar energy. It is green in colour due to the presence of two pigments -chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. The chloroplast is a double-layered cell organelle. It is a semi-autonomous organelle that has its own DNA. It also contains thylakoids. The number of chloroplasts varies in different cells. Plants growing in shade contain larger chloroplasts in their cells than those which grow in intense light. Structure of Chloroplasts Chloroplasts differ in shape being plate-shaped in Chlorella, cup-shaped in Chlamydomonas, and in higher plants, they are spherical or ovoid. They measure 4-6μm in size. The chloroplasts have the following parts:
(Image will be uploaded soon) Functions of ChloroplastChloroplasts are the sites for photosynthesis where reactions take place to harness solar energy and convert it into chemical energy. They also carry out functions like the synthesis of fatty acids, amino acids, and membrane lipids. Plants do not have specialized immune cells, all cells participate in plant response. Mentioned below is the table that enlists the difference between mitochondria and chloroplast based on different parameters. Parameters Mitochondria Chloroplast Presence Present in cells of all types of aerobic organisms, plants, and animals. Chloroplasts are found only in exposed cells of green plants and some green algae. Size Small in size when compared to chloroplast 0.5-10μm Chloroplasts are generally large and more complex than mitochondria. 4-6μm in diameter. Shape Mitochondria are generally cylindrical in outline chloroplasts are disc-shaped Colour Mitochondria are colourless. Green in colour. Pigments No pigments are present. It consists of various pigments like chlorophyll, carotenoids, and photosynthetic pigments. Inner membrane The inner membrane in mitochondria is folded into cristae. The inner membrane in the chloroplast forms flattened sacs called thylakoids. Chambers Matrix and Cristae are the two chambers in mitochondria Chloroplast has two chambers, thylakoid, and stroma. Other Characteristics Mitochondria consume oxygen to provide energy to the cells. They release energy by breaking down organic material and producing carbon dioxide and water. Chloroplasts release oxygen. Chloroplasts store energy and use carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose(energy) Here, we learned about mitochondria, their structure, and their function. We have also learned about chloroplast structure and function. The difference between these semi-autonomous organelles is also covered in the article. Which of the following is a difference between mitochondria and chloroplast?Mitochondria generates energy for the cell in the form of ATP using oxygen and nutrients. Chloroplast is the site for photosynthesis in a plant cell.
Which of the following is a difference between mitochondria and chloroplast quizlet?what is the difference between mitochondria and chloroplasts? Mitochondria are oxidative metabolic bacteria derivatives and chloroplasts are photosynthetic bacteria derivatives.
What are three differences between chloroplast and mitochondria?The main difference between chloroplast and mitochondria is their functions; chloroplasts are responsible for the production of sugars with the aid of sunlight in a process called photosynthesis whereas mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell which break down sugar in order to capture energy in a process called ...
What is the difference between mitochondria and chloroplast Brainly?Chloroplast are green plastid containing green pigments chlorophyll. It is the site of photosynthesis. They are double membrane bound organell enclosing colourless matrix called stroma. Mitochondria : They are double membrane bound o rganells found in all the eukaryoti cells.
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