có đáp án bao gồm: lý thuyết, cách làm, bài tập vận dụng và vận dụng cao sẽ giúp các bạn học sinh nắm được cách làm bài tập câu trực tiếp gián tiếp và làm bài tập Tiếng Anh dễ dàng hơn Bài tập câu trực tiếp gián tiếp có đáp án
1. KHÁI NIỆM Câu tường thuật là câu thuật lại lời nói trực tiếp. Lời nói trực tiếp (direct speech): là nói chính xác điều ai đó diễn đạt (còn gọi là trích dẫn). Lời của người nói sẽ được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép. Ví dụ: She said ,” The exam is difficult”. "The exam is difficult" là lời nói trực tiếp hay câu trực tiếp Lời nói gián tiếp – câu tường thuật (indirect speech): Là thuật lại lời nói của một người khác dưới dạng gián tiếp, không dùng dấu ngoặc kép. Ví dụ: Hoa said,”I want to go home” -> Hoa said she wanted to go home là câu gián tiếp (indirect speech) 2. CÁCH CHUYỂN CÂU TRỰC TIẾP SANG CÂU GIÁN TIẾP Khi chuyển từ một lời nói trực tiếp sang gián tiếp khá đơn giản, chúng ta chỉ cần ghép nội dung tường thuật ở phía sau câu nói và hạ động từ của nó xuống một cấp quá khứ, đại từ được chuyển đổi cho phù hợp. Tuy nhiên, cần lưu ý một số vấn đề sau: + Nếu động từ tường thuật (reporting verb) chia ở các thì hiện tại chúng ta giữ nguyên thì (tense) của động từ chính, đại từ chỉ định và các trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn cũng như trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong câu trực tiếp khi chuyển sang gián tiếp. Ví dụ: - He says: “I’m going to Ha Noi next week.” ⇒ He says he is going to Ha Noi next week. + Nếu động từ tường thuật (reporting verb) của câu ở thì quá khứ thì phải lùi động từ chính về quá khứ một bậc khi chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp (direct speech) sang lời nói gián tiếp (indirect / reported speech) theo quy tắc sau: - Biến đổi thì của động từ và động từ khuyết thiếu theo bảng sau: Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp Present simple Past simple Present continuous Past continuous Present perfect Past perfect Past simple Past perfect Present perfect continuous Past perfect continuous Past continuous Past perfect continuous will would can could must/ have to had to may might - Biến đổi đại từ và các từ hạn định theo bảng sau: Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp Chủ ngữ I he/ she You I/ We/ They We We/ They Tân ngữ me him/ her you me/ us/ them us us/ them Đại từ sở hữu my his/ her your my/ our/ their our our/ their Đại từ sở hữu mine his/ hers yours mine/ ours/ theirs ours ours/ theirs Đại từ chỉ định this the/ that these the/ those - Biến đổi trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn theo bảng sau: Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp here there now then/ at that moment today/ tonight that day/ that night tomorrow the next day next week the following week yesterday the previous day the day before last week the week before ago before NOTE: Khi chuyển động từ các bạn chỉ cần nhớ lấy động từ gần chủ ngữ nhất giảm xuống 1 cột tức là: - Động từ ở cột 1 thì giảm xuống cột 2, ( nhớ thêm ed khi không phải là đông từ bất quy tắc) - Động từ cột 2 thì giảm thành cột 3 - Động từ cột 3 thêm had phía trước Tuy nhiên, cần chú ý một số trường hợp sau đây không giảm thì động từ: - Nói về chân lý, sự thật. - Thì quá khứ hoàn thành. - Trong câu có năm xác định. - Các câu có cấu trúc sau: if only, as if, as though, wish, would rather, it’s high time, IF loại 2, 3 . II. Bài tập câu trực tiếp gián tiếp Ex 1. Hoàn thành các câu trong bài câu tường thuật. 1. "Where is my umbrella?" she asked. She asked............................................. ...................... 2. "How are you?" Martin asked us. Martin asked us................................................ ................... 3. He asked, "Do I have to do it?" He asked............................................. ...................... 4. "Where have you been?" the mother asked her daughter. The mother asked her daughter.......................................... ......................... 5. "Which dress do you like best?" she asked her boyfriend. She asked her boyfriend......................................... .......................... 6. "What are they doing?" she asked. She wanted to know.............................................. ..................... 7. "Are you going to the cinema?" he asked me. He wanted to know.............................................. ..................... 8. The teacher asked, "Who speaks English?" The teacher wanted to know.............................................. ..................... 9. "How do you know that?" she asked me. She asked me................................................ ................... 10. "Has Caron talked to Kevin?" my friend asked me. My friend asked me................................................ ................... Đáp án: 1. She asked where her umbrella was. 2. Martin asked us how we were. 3. He asked if he had to do it. 4. The mother asked her daughter where she had been. 5. She asked her boyfriend which dress he liked best. 6. She wanted to know what they were doing. 7. He wanted to know if I was going to the cinema. 8. The teacher wanted to know who spoke English. 9. She asked me how I knew that. 10. My friend asked me if Caron had talked to Kevin. Ex 2. Viết lại các câu sau sử dụng cách nói gián tiếp. 1. “Open the door,” he said to them. - He told them................................................................... 2. “Where are you going?” he asked her. - He asked her where......................................................... 3. “Which way did they go?” he asked. - He asked... ...................................................................... 4. “Bring it back if it doesn’t fit”, I said to her. - I told... ............................................................................ 5. “Don’t try to open it now,” she said to us. - She told... ........................................................................ 6. “Is it going to be a fine day today?” I asked her. - I asked her... .................................................................... 7. “He’s not at home”, she said. - She said that... ................................................................. 8. “Is the bus station far away?” the girl asked. - The girl wanted to know... .............................................. 9. “Don’t stay out late, Ann” Tom said. - Tom told Ann... ............................................................... 10. “Please let me borrow your car,” he said to her. - He asked... ........................................................................ 11. “Jean, have you seen my gloves?” Thomas asked. - Thomas asked Jean..... 12. Don’t leave the window open, Mary”, I said. - I told Mary.... ................................................................... 13. “I’ll have a cup of tea with you,” she said. She said that... 14. “I’ll pay him if I can” she said. - She said that... ................................................................... 15. “What are you going to do next summer?” she asked. - She asked us.... ................................................................... 16. “I’ll phone you tomorrow,” he told Jack. - He told Jack that.... ............................................................. 17. “Can I sit beside you, Jean?” Tom asked. - Tom asked Jean.... .............................................................. 18. “I want a camera for my birthday,” he said. - He said that.... ................................................................... 19. “Don’t keep the door locked,” he said to us. - He told us.... ................................................................... 20. “How long are you going to stay?” I asked him. - I asked him how long.... 21. “Are you going by train?” she asked me. - She wanted to know.... .................................................. 22. “Don’t use too much hot water,” she said to us. - She asked us.... .............................................................. 23. “Will you come to my party?” she said to me. - She invited me.... ............................................................ 24. “Don’t do it again,” she said to them. She told them.................................................................. 25. “ Did Mr Brown send the potatoes to you?” she asked. - She asked....................................................................... 26. “Don’t get your shoes dirty, boys,” she said. - She told.......................................................................... 27. “What do you want for lunch today, Peter?” Mary asked. - Mary asked....................................................................... 28. “Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet?” asked Peter. - Peter asked Janet if ....................................................................... 29. “Why didn’t I get a computer before?” thought the office manager. - The office manager wondered............................................................ 30. “You had better not lend him any more money, Elizabeth,’’ said John. - John advised Elizabeth........................................................................ 31. “You stole my best cassette, Amanda!” said John. - John accused....................................................................................... 32. “ You damaged my bicycle, John!” said Mary. - Mary accused...................................................................................... 33. “Where was your little boy born?” said the nurse to Mrs. Bingley. - The nurse asked Mrs. Bingley............................................................... 34. “You should take more exercise, Mr. Robert,” the doctor said. - The doctor advised................................................................................ 35. “Will I find a job?”, Tim said to himself. - Tim wondered....................................................................................... 36. “I’m sorry I gave you the wrong number,” said Paul to Susan. - Paul apologized..................................................................................... 37. “When is the first day of your holiday, Peter?” Martha asked. - Martha asked Peter when..................................................................... 38. “Can I have a new bicycle?” said Anna to her mother. - Anna asked............................................................................................ 39.. “Don’t leave the house until I get back, William”, his mother said. - William’s mother told.......................................................................... 40. “Don’t bite your nails,” said Mrs. Rogers to her son. - Mrs. Rogers told....... ............................................................................. 41. “I’ve seen the film three times, Mary” said George. - George said............................................................................................ 42. “I’m sorry, Angela,” said Martin, “I’m afraid I’ve damaged your car. - Martin apologized.................................................................................. 43. “Have you had enough for lunch?” the landlady asked us. - The landlady asked................................................................................ 44. “ John, please don’t tell anyone my new address,” said Mary. - Mary asked............................................................................................ 45. “Breakfast will not be served after 9. 30” said the notice. - The notice said that.............................................................................. 46. “Where is the best place to buy souvenirs?” - I asked.................................................................................................. 47. “Don’t forget to bring your passport with you tomorrow” - She reminded me ................................................................................ 48. “Do not write on the wall,” said the teacher to the boys. - The teacher told the boys……………………………………….......... 49. “How many jobs have you had since 2000?” the interviewer asked Mr. Simpson. - The interviewer asked ........................................................................... 50. “Why didn’t you report the incident to the police?” the officer asked the frightened witness. - The officer wanted to know................................................................... Đáp án: 1. He told them to open the door. 2. He asked her where she was going. 3. He asked me which way they had gone. 4. I told her to bring it back if it didn’t fit. 5. She told us not to try to open it then. 6. I asked her whether/ if it was going to be a fine day that day. 7. She said that he was not at home. 8. The girl wanted to know whether/ if the bus station was far away. 9. Tom told Ann not to stay out late. 10. He asked her to let him borrow her car. 11. Thomas asked Jean whether/if she had seen his gloves. 12. I told Mary not to leave the window open. 13. She said that she would have a cup of tea with me. 14. She said that she would pay him if she could. 15. She asked us what we were going to do the following summer. 16. He told Jack that he would phone him the following day. 17. Tom asked Jean whether/if he could sit beside her. 18. He said that he wanted a camera for his birthday. 19. He told us not to keep the door locked. 20. I asked him how long he was going to stay. 21. She wanted to know whether I was going by train. 22. She asked us not to use too much hot water. 23. She invited me to come to her party. 24. She told them not to do it again. 25. She asked whether/ if Mr. Brown had sent the potatoes to me. 26. She told the boys not to get their shoes dirty. 27. Mary asked what Peter wanted for lunch that day. 28. Peter asked Janet whether/ if he could borrow her typewriter. 29. The office manager wondered why he hadn’t got a computer before. 30. John advised Elizabeth not to lend him any more money. 31. John accused Amanda of stealing his best cassette. 32. Mary accused John of damaging her bicycle. 33. The nurse asked Mrs. Bingley where her little boy had been born. 34. The doctor advised Mr. Robert to take more exercise. 35. Tim wondered whether/ if he would find a job. 36. Paul apologized to Susan for giving her the wrong number. 37. Martha asked Peter when the first day of his holiday was. 38. Anna asked her mother whether/ if she could have a new bicycle. 39. William’s mother told him not to leave the house until she got back. 40. Mrs. Rogers told her son not to bite his nails. 41. George said to Mary that he had seen the film three times. 42. Martin apologized to Angela for having damaged her car. 43. The landlady asked us whether/if we had had enough for lunch. 44. Mary asked John not to tell anyone her new address. 45. The notice said that breakfast would not be served after 9.30. 46. I asked where the best place to buy souvenirs was. 47. She reminded me to bring my passport with me the following day. 48. The teacher told the boys not to write on the wall. 49. The interviewer asked Mr. Simpson how many jobs he had had since 2000. 50. The officer wanted to know why the frightened witness hadn’t reported the incident to the police. |
