Which type of quantitative research that guided specifically by a hypothesis?

The research supporting many popular reading programs is problematic because it is based on qualitative research.

• Qualitative research uses the subjective measure of observations which is not based on structured and validated data-collection.
• Study groups are not randomly selected, nor are they controlled for variables.
• Qualitative research is bottom up research: it generates a theory based on the data collected rather than testing a theory with the data.
• Qualitative research is not double-blind, and allows bias into the research:  this alone invalidates an entire study and makes it worthless.

Criteria

Qualitative

Quantitative

• To understand and interpret social interactions

• Test hypotheses
• Look at cause and effect
• Make predictions

• Smaller
• Not randomly selected

• Larger
• Randomly selected

• Study of the whole, not variables.

• Specific variables studied

• Words
• Images
• Objects

• Numbers
• Statistics

• open- ended responses
• interviews
• participant observations
• field notes
• reflections

• precise measurements
• using structured validated data-collection instruments

• patterns
• features
• themes

• statistical relationships

• Subjectivity is expected

• Objectivity is critical

• Researcher & their biases may be known to participants in the study
• Participant characteristics may be known to the researcher

• Researcher and their biases are not known to participants in the study
• Participant characteristics are deliberately hidden from the research (double blind studies)

• Particular or specialized findings that is less generalizable

•  Generalizable findings that can be applied to other populations

• the researcher generates a new hypothesis and theory from the data collected

• the researcher tests the hypothesis and theory with the data

• Dynamic
• Situational
• Social
• Personal

• Regular
• Predictable

• Explore
• Discover
• Construct

• Describe
• Explain
• Predict

• Wide-angle lens
• Examines the breadth and depth of phenomena

• Narrow-angle lens
• Tests a specific hypothesis

•  Study behavior in a natural environment.

• Study behavior under controlled conditions
• Isolate causal effects

• Multiple realities
• Subjective

• Single reality
• Objective

• Narrative report with contextual description
• Direct quotations from research participants

• correlations
• comparisons of means
• statistical significance of findings

The content in the above table was taken directly from an Xavier University Library publication using the following sources:

Quantitative research is outlined as a scientific investigation of phenomena by gathering quantitative information and activity applied mathematics, or procedure techniques. The gathering of data in quantitative analysis is what makes it aside from other different types. Quantitative analysis is targeted specifically on numerical data and it conjointly uses mathematical analysis to research what is being determined, the information collected should be in numbers. The general structure for quantitative research is predicted on the scientific approach. It uses the tactic and method of aggregation and using that information at intervals within the victimization of the matter for sharing the analysis and conclusions.

Different Types of Quantitative Research

The basic procedure of a quantitative style are:

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• Build your own observations regarding one thing that is unknown, unexplained, or totally new.  Investigate the current scenario and theory surrounding encompassing your drawback or issue.
• Hypothesize a proof and an explanation for the observations you had made in step one.
• Build a prediction of outcomes supporting your hypotheses. Formulate a detailed step and plan to test your prediction from step two.
• Collect and process your information. If your prediction was correct, visit again to step 5. If not, the hypothesis has been verified false. Return to step 2 to pair a brand new hypothesis supporting your new data and knowledge collected.
• Verify your new findings, and also make your conclusions from the same. Describe your findings in an appropriate and acceptable form for your audience.

The following precedes the different types of Quantitative research types with the description of each.

1. Survey Research

 Survey Research is the most elementary tool for all sorts of quantitative research techniques. The very most important purpose of the research is to widely explain the characteristics of a particular group or a bunch of population. This analysis is most typically employed by both small and large organizations for a proper understanding of their customers and to understand the merchandise and product views.

• Multiple queries can be raised by the customers and the analysis can be done for the same.
• Cross-sectional and longitudinal are two main kinds of surveys that can be used to conduct the survey quantitative research analysis.
• The cross-sectional survey is conducted specifically on a target population at a given purpose of time. These type of surveys are used to conduct research mostly in retail stores, health care trade, etc.
• In a longitudinal survey, research is conducted at various time durations. These are utilized in medicine and applied sciences.

2. Descriptive Research

Descriptive research seeks to explain the current status of an identified variable. The aim of descriptive research is to explain and interpret, the current status of people, settings, conditions, or events.

• In descriptive research, the researcher does not usually begin with the hypothesis, however, it is probably going to develop one after collecting the information.
• A systematic assortment of data needs careful selection of the units and measurement of every variable.
• Description of the extent to which elementary teachers use math manipulatives, description of global warming with respect to Scientists, description of different kinds of physical activities that occur in schools, etc. are all examples of descriptive research.

3. Experimental Research

Experimental research, as the name suggests, is usually based on one or more theories. It is based on one or more than one theory. It is called true experimentation, uses the scientific method to establish the cause-effect relationship among a group of variables that make up a study. Multiple theories can be used to conduct this research. The components of the experimental research design are prescribed below.

• A comparison group of participants who are randomly selected and assigned to experimental and control groups.
• An independent variable, which can be referred to as the experimental variable that can be applied to the experimental group.
• A dependent variable, which can be referred to as the effect or posttest variable that can be measured in an identical manner for all groups.

4. Correlational Research

 Correlational research is used to establish a relationship between two close entities and to determine how one impacts the other. For this, a researcher needs at least two separate groups. This type of research will recognize trends and patterns in data, but it does not go so far in its analysis to observe the different patterns.

• Correlational research sometimes considered a type of descriptive research as no variables are manipulated in the study.
• Cause and effect are not the basis of this type of observational research.
• Examples of Correlational research include the relationships between the types of activities of mathematics classrooms and the achievement of students, the relationship between diet and anxiety.

5. Casual-Comparative Research

 Casual-Comparative research is employed to conclude the cause-effect equation between two or more variables, where one variable depends on the opposite experimental variable. An independent variable is not manipulated by the experimenter, and the effects of the independent variable is on the dependent variable are measured.

• This sort of analysis is not restricted to the applied mathematics of two variables but extends to analyzing different variables and groups.
• Casual-Comparative research is a method that works on the process of comparison.
• Once analysis and conclusions are made, deciding about the causes should be done fastidiously, as other different variables, each far-famed and unknown, might still have an effect on the result.
• Examples of this type of research include the effect of preschool attendance on social maturity at the end of the first grade, the impact of drugs on a teenager.

Quantitative research analysis templates are objective, elaborate, and conjointly investigational. It is easier to know the various types of quantitative research designs if you consider how the researcher designs and styles for the management of the variables within the investigation process. The fundamental procedure of a quantitative design is to hypothesize a proof for those observations.

Recommended Articles

This is a guide to Types of Quantitative Research. Here we also discuss the introduction and different types of quantitative research which include survey, descriptive, experimental research, etc. You may also have a look at the following articles to learn more –

Which research design is guided by a hypothesis?

What is a hypothesis in quantitative research?

What type of quantitative research includes a hypothesis a variable that can be manipulated by the researcher and variables that can be measured calculated and compared?

What type of quantitative research that the researcher does not usually begin with hypothesis?