A model is widely used to depict any idea, thought or a concept in a more simpler way through diagrams, pictorial representations etc. Models go a long way in making the understanding of any concept easy and clear. Through a model one can easily understand a process and draw conclusions from it. In simpler words a model makes the learning simple. Show
Let us now learn about the various communication models:
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View All Articles  Authorship/Referencing - About the Author(s)The article is Written By “Prachi Juneja” and Reviewed By Management Study Guide Content Team. MSG Content Team comprises experienced Faculty Member, Professionals and Subject Matter Experts. We are a ISO 2001:2015 Certified Education Provider. To Know more, click on About Us. The use of this material is free for learning and education purpose. Please reference authorship of content used, including link(s) to ManagementStudyGuide.com and the content page url. Since 300BC, theorists have developed communication models in attempts to explain and understand how to improve communication and rhetoric. As time has passed, we have developed increasingly more complex models to explain how we communicate. Today, the main models of communication are can be split into three categories:
This article will outline all 8 major models of communication currently studied in communications courses at college. Here’s a quick summary to get started: #Model of CommunicationType of ModelBrief Description1.Aristotle’s ModelLinearAristotle argues that we should look at five elements of a communication event to analyze how best to communicate: speaker, speech, occasion, target audience and effect.2.Lasswell’s ModelLinearLasswell’s model is a basic framework for analyzing one-way communication by asking five questions: Who, said what, through which channel, to whom, with what effects?3.Shannon-Weaver ModelLinearThe Shannon-Weaver model is the first to highlight the role of ‘noise’ in communication, which can disrupt or alter a message between sender and receiver.4.Berlo’s S-M-C-R ModelLinearBerlo’s S-M-C-R model explains communication in four steps: Source, Message, Channel, and Receiver.5.Osgood-Schramm ModelInteractiveThe Osgood-Schramm model looks at reciprocal communication, showing how we have to encode, decode, and interpret information in real-time during a conversation.6.Westley and Maclean ModelInteractiveThe Westley and Maclean model shows that our communication is influenced by environmental, cultural and personal factors.7.Barnlund’s Transactional ModelTransactionalBarnlund’s Transactional Model of Communication highlights the role of private and public cues that impact our messages.8.Dance’s Helical ModelTransactionalDance’s Helical Model sees communication as a circular process that gets more and more complex as communication occurs, which can be represented by a helical spiral.Contents show The Linear Models 1. Aristotle’s Model 2. Lasswell’s Model 3. Shannon-Weaver Model 4. Berlo’s S-M-C-R Model The Interactive Models 5. Osgood-Schramm Model 6. The Westley and Maclean Model The Transactional Models 7. Barnlund’s Transactional Model 8. Dance’s Helical Model Related: A to Z List of Mass Communication Theories The Linear ModelsQuick Summary: Linear models explain one directional communication processes. 1. Aristotle’s ModelOne Sentence Overview: A framework for thinking about how to improve your communication abilities, by looking at key aspects underpinning a situation. Aristotle’s model of communication is the oldest communication model, dating back to 300BC. The model was designed to examine how to become a better and more convincing communicator. Aristotle argues we should look at five elements of a communication event to analyze how best to communicate: speaker, speech, occasion, target audience and effect. He also identified three elements that will improve communication: ethos (credibility), pathos (ability to connect) and logos (logical argument). Aristotle’s model does not pay attention to the role of feedback in communication. 2. Lasswell’s ModelOne Sentence Overview: A basic framework for analyzing one-way communication by asking five questions: Who, said what, through which channel, to whom, with what effects? Lasswell’s model of communication tries to understand a communication event by asking five important questions. It looks at who created the message (and what their bias may be), what they said, the channel they said it through (e.g. TV, radio, blog), who they said it two, and what effect it had on the receiver. This model is effective as it provides a very simple and practical way of critiquing a message and exploring five important elements that can help explain the event under analysis in more detail. QuestionComponentHow to AnalyzeExample of ComponentWho?CommunicatorControl AnalysisVacuum cleaner salesmanSays What?MessageContent AnalysisPromotes his brand of vacuum as the best brandIn Which Channel?MediumMedia AnalysisOn televisionTo Whom?AudienceAudience AnalysisTo evening TV viewers in the United StatesWith What Effect?EffectEffects AnalysisAchieving brand awareness, promoting the belief that this is the best vacuum, leading to increased sales revenue3. Shannon-Weaver ModelOne Sentence Overview: The Shannon-Weaver model is the first to highlight the role of ‘noise’ in communication, which can disrupt or alter a message between sender and receiver. The Shannon-Weaver model sees communication occurring in five key parts: sender, encoder, channel, decoder, receiver. It emphasizes the importance of encoding and decoding messages for them to be sent (e.g. turning them into written words, morse code, etc.). During the process of encoding, sending and decoding, ‘noise’ occurs that can disrupt or cloud a message. In the most traditional sense, this may be static on a radio broadcast, or even extend to mishearing a conversation or misspelling an email. This model was the first to introduce the role of noise in the communication process. The idea of feedback was retroactively introduced to this model. 4. Berlo’s S-M-C-R ModelOne Sentence Overview: Berlo’s S-M-C-R model explains communication in four steps: Source, Message, Channel, and Receiver. Berlo’s model of communication explains it in four steps: Source, Message, Channel, and Receiver. The unique aspect of Berlo’s model is that it gives a detailed account of the key elements in each step that will affect how well the message is communicated:
See a summary of all elements in the image below: The Interactive ModelsQuick Summary: Interactive models are best for explaining impersonal two-way communication processes. 5. Osgood-Schramm ModelOne Sentence Overview: The Osgood-Schramm model looks at reciprocal communication, showing how we have to encode, decode, and interpret information in real-time during a conversation. The Osgood-Schramm model explores communication that is equal and reciprocal. It does not differentiate between the sender and receiver, but sees each as being in an equal position as message encoders and decoders. This model is best for explaining and examining personal synchronous communication where feedback is immediate (such as face-to-face discussions). As feedback is immediate, noise can be reduced through ongoing clarification of messages during the conversation. 6. The Westley and Maclean ModelOne Sentence Overview: The Westley and Maclean model shows that our communication is influenced by environmental, cultural and personal factors. The Westley and Maclean model embraces the importance of feedback in communication. However, it also emphasizes the important role of environmental and cultural factors in influencing communication. It shows that the things we say and communicate are influenced by who we are, what our background is, and what perspective we are approaching issues from. The model takes into account the object of orientation (background, culture and beliefs) of the sender and receiver of messages. It also considers the message to have been received and sent within a broader social context that needs to be considered to know and understand the message. The Transactional ModelsQuick Summary: Transactional models explain direct personal communication processes where two-way feedback is immediate. 7. Barnlund’s Transactional ModelOne Sentence Overview: Barnlund’s Transactional Model of Communication highlights the role of private and public cues that impact our messages. Barnlund’s Transactional Model of Communication is a model that explores interpersonal, immediate-feedback communication. Central to this approach is the idea that feedback for the sender is the reply for the receiver. This model also highlights the role of ‘cues’ in impacting our messages. Barnlund highlights the role of public cues which are environmental cues, and private cues which are a person’s personal thoughts and background. With this emphasis on cues, Barnlund’s model highlights the factors that influence what we think and say. 8. Dance’s Helical ModelOne Sentence Overview: Dance’s Helical Model sees communication as a circular process that gets more and more complex as communication occurs, which can be represented by a helical spiral. Dance’s Helical Model builds on circular models by explaining how we improve our messages over time by using feedback. When we communicate with others, their feedback will influence our next statement. We become more knowledgeable with each cycle of communication, enabling up to ‘expand our circle’, as represented by the increasingly wider and wider circles. The movement up the spiral indicates that each communication practice is new and different from the previous, as communication does not ever perfectly repeat itself. Final ThoughtsThere are many mass communication theories (see for example: media richness theory, relational dialectics theory, muted group theory, and agenda setting theory). However, the 8 communication models listed in this article are central models of communication that highlight how communication occurs. They are theories that are necessary to know for communication studies students as they help you understand the key components that make up communication in the 21st Century. Chris Drew (PhD)Website |+ posts Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. What are the 3 different models?What are the 3 types of fashion models? Editorial, Catalog and Runway are three kinds of models in the high fashion industry.
What is the importance of the 3 models of communication?Communication models help identify and understand the components and relationship of the communication process being studied. Models represent new ideas and thought on various aspects of communication which helps us to plan for effective communication system.
Which of the 3 models of communication is the most effective?Transactional communication can be verbal or non-verbal, such as body language conveying a certain message. Transactional communication is the most efficient model of communication, as there's no delay between messages.
What are the models of communication and examples?8 Models of Communication. |
